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Related Concept Videos

Dissociative Disorders01:27

Dissociative Disorders

Dissociative disorders represent complex psychological conditions characterized by disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception. These disruptions cause individuals to experience a disconnection from their thoughts, emotions, and memories. The phenomenon is not merely an occasional lapse in attention but a profound alteration in mental functioning that can severely impact daily life.
Dissociative Fugue
A hallmark feature of dissociative disorders is the dissociative fugue...
Dissociative Identity Disorder01:30

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), previously termed multiple personality disorder, is a complex psychological condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states. Each identity exhibits unique patterns of behavior, voice, and mannerisms and may possess separate memories and emotional responses. The alternating control between identities can result in memory gaps and challenges in recalling daily activities, often exacerbating the individual's...
Attribution Theory00:56

Attribution Theory

Behavior is a product of both the situation (e.g., cultural influences, social roles, and the presence of bystanders) and of the person (e.g., personality characteristics). Subfields of psychology tend to focus on one influence or behavior over others. Situationism is the view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings. In contrast, dispositionism holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors (Heider, 1958). An internal factor is an...
Understanding Consciousness01:23

Understanding Consciousness

Consciousness can be defined as the state of being aware of and able to think about one's existence, sensations, and surroundings. It encompasses two major components: awareness and arousal. Awareness pertains to the recognition of environmental stimuli and internal states. At the same time, arousal refers to the physiological readiness to engage with these stimuli, which varies significantly between states like sleep and wakefulness.
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Structuralism01:26

Structuralism

Structuralism, an early psychological theory developed by Wilhelm Wundt and his student Edward Bradford Titchener, sought to dissect the human mind into its most fundamental components. Wundt's groundbreaking work in his laboratory set the stage for Titchener to define structuralism's goal as cataloging the "atoms" of the mind—sensations, images, and feelings—akin to how chemists identify elements of matter.
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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the brain can only use...

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Updated: May 29, 2026

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder
09:55

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder

Published on: March 8, 2018

State dissociation, human behavior, and consciousness.

Mark W Mahowald1, Michel A Cramer Bornemann, Carlos H Schenck

  • 1Minnesota Regional Sleep Disorders Center, Hennepin County Medical Center, Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55415, USA. mahow002@umn.edu

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
|September 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sleep can be a local, not just whole-brain, phenomenon. This explains mixed sleep-wake states and altered consciousness, impacting conditions from narcolepsy to schizophrenia.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sleep Science
  • Consciousness Studies

Background:

  • Sleep and wakefulness are traditionally viewed as distinct states.
  • Emerging evidence suggests sleep can be a localized, rather than global, brain phenomenon.
  • This local nature may explain the coexistence of elements from different states (e.g., wakefulness and REM sleep).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the concept of local sleep phenomena.
  • To investigate the implications of local sleep for consciousness and its disorders.
  • To highlight the clinical and forensic relevance of dissociated sleep-wake states.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on sleep states and consciousness.
  • Analysis of clinical phenomena associated with mixed sleep-wake states.
  • Theoretical exploration of neural binding mechanisms in consciousness.

Main Results:

  • Sleep states (wakefulness, NREM, REM) are not always mutually exclusive, allowing for mixed presentations.
  • Local sleep phenomena can explain various clinical conditions like sleepwalking, narcolepsy, and REM sleep behavior disorder.
  • Abnormalities in neural "spatial and temporal binding rhythm" may underlie fluctuations in consciousness and contribute to disorders like autism and schizophrenia.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding local sleep is crucial for explaining complex neurological and psychiatric conditions.
  • Dissociated states of sleep and wakefulness are intimately linked to the boundaries of consciousness.
  • Further research involving neuroscientists, clinicians, and legal professionals is needed for scientific, clinical, therapeutic, and forensic insights.