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Updated: May 29, 2026

Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression

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Published on: June 15, 2019

Corticosteroids for severe sepsis: an evidence-based guide for physicians.

Djillali Annane¹

¹General Intensive Care Unit, Raymond Poincaré Hospital (AP-HP), University of Versailles SQY, 104 boulevard Raymond Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France. Djillali.annane@rpc.aphp.fr.

Annals of Intensive Care

|September 13, 2011

Summary

Corticosteroids treat septic shock by reducing inflammation and restoring organ function. They are recommended for patients requiring norepinephrine, with specific dosage and duration guidelines for optimal outcomes.

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Cecal Ligation Puncture Procedure

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Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression

Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression

Published on: June 15, 2019

Cecal Ligation Puncture Procedure

Cecal Ligation Puncture Procedure

Published on: May 7, 2011

Area of Science:

Critical Care Medicine
Endocrinology
Pharmacology

Background:

Septic shock involves uncontrolled systemic inflammation, leading to organ failure and death.
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response is crucial in managing systemic inflammation during infections.
Exogenous corticosteroids can counteract pro-inflammatory mediators and reverse detrimental effects.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the role and efficacy of corticosteroids in managing septic shock.
To provide evidence-based guidelines for corticosteroid initiation and management in sepsis.

Main Methods:

Review of animal studies and meta-analyses (frequentist and Bayesian) on corticosteroid effects in sepsis.
Analysis of clinical data regarding corticosteroid efficacy, dosage, and duration.
Evaluation of criteria for corticosteroid initiation and discontinuation.

Main Results:

Corticosteroids, through genomic and nongenomic effects, restore cardiovascular homeostasis, reduce inflammation, improve organ function, and prevent death in sepsis.
Evidence consistently supports corticosteroid benefits in animal models and human meta-analyses.
Specific guidelines for initiating corticosteroids (norepinephrine requirement) and managing treatment duration are proposed.

Conclusions:

Corticosteroids are a vital treatment for septic shock, improving patient outcomes.
Evidence supports the use of hydrocortisone (200 mg/day) and fludrocortisone (50 μg/day) for septic shock management.
Blood glucose control below 150 mg/dL is recommended during treatment.