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Purinergic signalling: from normal behaviour to pathological brain function.

Geoffrey Burnstock1, Ute Krügel, Maria P Abbracchio

  • 1Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK. g.burnstock@ucl.ac.uk

Progress in Neurobiology
|September 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Purinergic signaling, involving adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and its related molecules, plays a crucial role in normal brain functions and various neurological disorders. This review explores ATP

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Purinergic neurotransmission, initiated with ATP, has evolved from a peripheral nerve concept to a central nervous system (CNS) cotransmitter with various neurotransmitters.
  • ATP and its metabolites (ADP, adenosine) act via P1 and P2Y G protein-coupled receptors and P2X ion channels, widely distributed in the brain.
  • Purinergic signaling mediates fast neurotransmission, neuromodulation, and long-term trophic functions, significantly impacting neuron-glial interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence for purinergic signaling in normal brain functions, including behavior, learning, memory, sleep, and motivation.
  • To examine the role of purinergic signaling in pathological brain conditions such as trauma, ischemia, stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases.
  • To discuss the involvement of purinergic signaling in neuropsychiatric disorders, epilepsy, migraine, cognitive impairment, and neuropathic pain.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on purinergic signaling.
  • Analysis of evidence implicating P1 and P2 receptors in physiological and pathological brain states.
  • Synthesis of findings related to purinergic signaling in behavior, neurological diseases, and psychiatric disorders.

Main Results:

  • Purinergic signaling is implicated in normal behaviors like learning, memory, sleep, and motivation.
  • P1 and P2 receptors are involved in brain trauma, ischemia, stroke, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, MS, and ALS.
  • Purinergic signaling plays a role in neuropsychiatric disorders, epilepsy, migraine, cognitive impairment, and neuropathic pain.

Conclusions:

  • Purinergic signaling is a fundamental mechanism in both normal and pathological brain function.
  • Targeting purinergic pathways offers potential therapeutic strategies for a wide range of neurological and psychiatric conditions.
  • Further research into purinergic signaling is crucial for understanding and treating complex brain disorders.