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Related Concept Videos

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...
Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Subcutaneous Trigeminal Nerve Field Stimulation for Refractory Facial Pain
09:35

Subcutaneous Trigeminal Nerve Field Stimulation for Refractory Facial Pain

Published on: May 10, 2017

Primary stabbing "ice-pick" headache.

Loulwah O Mukharesh1, Mohammed M S Jan

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Pediatric Neurology
|September 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary stabbing headache, a rare condition in children, presents as brief, sharp head pain. This study found it often occurs in the occipital area and responds well to amitriptyline treatment.

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Published on: June 2, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Headache Medicine

Background:

  • Primary stabbing headache (PSH), also known as ice-pick headache, is characterized by brief, sharp, localized head pain.
  • While documented in adults, PSH is rarely reported in the pediatric population, necessitating further research into its presentation and management in children.

Observation:

  • This study diagnosed five children (ages 6-16) with PSH based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders Diagnostic Criteria.
  • Patients experienced recurrent, brief headaches (lasting seconds) with varying locations (orbital, temporal, occipital).
  • Associated symptoms included migraine headache types in three children and a positive family history of migraine in two.

Findings:

  • PSH in children may differ from adult presentations, often being less frequent and predominantly occipital.
  • Two patients received amitriptyline for headache frequency and severity, showing positive responses.
  • All patients experienced gradual symptom resolution during follow-up periods ranging from 3 months to 5 years.

Implications:

  • Primary stabbing headache can occur in children and may present with distinct features compared to adults.
  • Amitriptyline appears to be an effective treatment for pediatric PSH, warranting further investigation.
  • Larger prospective studies are required to fully characterize pediatric PSH and establish optimal management guidelines.