Disseminated sclerosing peritoneal mesothelioma in a dog

A 7-year-old female German Shepherd Dog was presented with multiple petechiae and ecchymoses along the ventral abdomen, flank, and on the vaginal mucosa. The clinical diagnosis was severe hemoperitoneum and presumed disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. Postmortem examination revealed a 22 cm × 15 cm × 6 cm, firm, and convoluted peritoneal mass along with hemoperitoneum, and multifocal, ill-defined, 0.5-1.5 cm in diameter, white to tan nodules in the pulmonary parenchyma. Histologically, the peritoneal mass was composed of large anaplastic cells consistent with malignant mesothelioma interspersed in abundant fibrous connective tissue. Metastasis of the neoplastic cells occurred to the brain, adrenal glands, lymph nodes, and lungs. On immunohistochemical evaluation, neoplastic cells coexpressed cytokeratin and vimentin, and were negative for cluster of differentiation (CD)18. Electron microscopy revealed numerous surface microvilli around the entire circumference of the neoplastic cells, as well as tight junctions, and desmosome-like structures. Based on test findings, a disseminated sclerosing peritoneal mesothelioma was diagnosed.