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Cryptococcal Meningitis

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Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...

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Bovine cryptococcal meningoencephalitis.

Franklin Riet-Correa¹, Mark Krockenberger, Antônio F M Dantas

¹Hospital Veterinário, CSTR, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus de Patos, Patos, Paraíba 58700-000, Brazil. franklin.riet@pq.cnpq.br

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation : Official Publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc

|September 13, 2011

Summary

A 5-year-old bull developed cryptococcal meningitis and encephalitis, showing severe neurological signs. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii in brain tissue, indicating a rare fungal infection in cattle.

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Neurology
Mycology
Pathology

Background:

Cryptococcal meningitis and encephalitis are serious fungal infections.
Cattle are rarely affected by these conditions.

Observation:

A 5-year-old bull presented with multifocal neurological deficits including hypermetria, ataxia, depression, circling, impaired vision, head pressing, low head carriage, wide-based stance, and falling.
Necropsy revealed six cavities with gelatinous content in the brain and brain stem, along with thickened, off-white meninges.

Findings:

Histological examination showed numerous yeasts with nonstaining capsules and mild inflammation.
Immunohistochemistry confirmed the yeast as Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii, despite the absence of cultures.

Implications:

This case highlights the potential for Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii to cause severe neurological disease in cattle.
It underscores the utility of immunohistochemistry in diagnosing fungal meningoencephalitis when cultures are unavailable.