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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Electroencephalographic, Heart Rate, and Galvanic Skin Response Assessment for an Advertising Perception Study: Application to Antismoking Public Service Announcements
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Gender differences in smoking following an implicit mood induction.

Andrea H Weinberger1, Sherry A McKee

  • 1Division of Substance Abuse, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA. andrea.weinberger@yale.edu

Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
|September 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Women smokers initiated smoking sooner after a negative mood induction compared to men. Understanding gender differences in smoking behavior is crucial for developing effective smoking cessation treatments.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Behavioral Science
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Smoking is strongly linked to negative emotional states.
  • Negative affect may disproportionately influence smoking behaviors in women.
  • Understanding gender-specific smoking triggers is vital for cessation efforts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gender differences in the association between negative mood and smoking maintenance.
  • To examine how implicit mood induction affects smoking behavior in male and female smokers.

Main Methods:

  • Ninety adult smokers (50% female) participated in a laboratory study.
  • Participants were randomly assigned to negative, positive, or neutral mood induction conditions using music.
  • Smoking latency and consumption were measured during ad libitum smoking periods.

Main Results:

  • Female smokers exhibited shorter latency to smoke after negative mood induction compared to males.
  • No significant gender differences were observed in the number of cigarettes smoked.
  • Cravings to smoke did not differ by gender across mood conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Gender differences exist in smoking responses to negative affect following subtle mood manipulation.
  • Identifying gender-specific smoking maintenance mechanisms can inform targeted cessation strategies.
  • This research contributes to developing more effective treatments for adult smokers aiming to quit.