Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome. Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome. Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

Transcription Factors

Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...

Transcription Factors

Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

DNA hypomethylating agents preserve T cell stemness and potentiate the efficacy of CD3-bispecific antibodies.

Cancer immunology research·2026

Same author

Multi-Omics and Machine Learning Integration Identifies Key Endothelial Modules in Carotid Artery Stenosis.

Journal of clinical laboratory analysis·2026

Same author

Physiologic and anesthetic predictors of false-positive motor-evoked potential alerts during pediatric spine surgery.

Spine deformity·2026

Same author

HEB collaborates with TCR signaling to upregulate <i>Id3</i> and enable γδT17 cell maturation in the fetal thymus.

eLife·2026

Same author

Targeting CRTC2 reverses <i>STK11</i> mutant NSCLC tumor resistance to immunotherapy.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026

Same author

Single-Cell Profiling Identifies CLEC5A+ Macrophages as Key Drivers of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Via CCL5-Mediated M1 Polarization.

Journal of clinical laboratory analysis·2026

Same journal

Daily briefing: 'Cyborg' cockroaches breathe underwater with printed suit.

Nature·2026

Same journal

China boosts prestigious grants for young scientists - will it ease competition?

Nature·2026

Same journal

Incoming US science academy chief vows to 'double down' on research.

Nature·2026

Same journal

Author Correction: Synthesis of enantioenriched atropisomers by biocatalytic deracemization.

Nature·2026

Same journal

Electrodeposited self-assembled molecules for perovskite photovoltaics.

Nature·2026

Same journal

Neutrino's nursery found: the 'Shadow Blaster'.

Nature·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Measuring TCR-pMHC Binding In Situ using a FRET-based Microscopy Assay

Measuring TCR-pMHC Binding In Situ using a FRET-based Microscopy Assay

Published on: October 30, 2015

CTCF-binding elements mediate control of V(D)J recombination.

Chunguang Guo¹, Hye Suk Yoon, Andrew Franklin

¹Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Children's Hospital, The Immune Disease Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.

|September 13, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified a new regulatory region, IGCR1, crucial for immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) V(D)J recombination in mice. This region ensures proper B-cell development and antibody diversity by controlling gene segment rearrangement.

More Related Videos

HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries

HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries

Published on: March 31, 2019

Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization

Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization

Published on: February 3, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Measuring TCR-pMHC Binding In Situ using a FRET-based Microscopy Assay

Measuring TCR-pMHC Binding In Situ using a FRET-based Microscopy Assay

Published on: October 30, 2015

HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries

HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries

Published on: March 31, 2019

Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization

Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization

Published on: February 3, 2013

Area of Science:

Immunology
Molecular Biology
Genetics

Background:

Developing B lymphocytes assemble immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) variable region exons from V(H), D, and J(H) gene segments.
The 2.7-megabase mouse Igh locus requires precise regulation of V(D)J recombination for specific and diverse antibody repertoires.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify and characterize a novel regulatory region within the mouse Igh locus involved in V(D)J recombination.
To elucidate the functional role of this region in B-cell development and antibody repertoire formation.

Main Methods:

Identification of the intergenic control region 1 (IGCR1) between V(H) and D gene clusters in mice.
Functional analysis using CTCF looping/insulator factor-binding elements and mediation of Igh loops with distant enhancers.

Main Results:

IGCR1 inhibits transcription and rearrangement of D(H)-proximal V(H) gene segments while promoting rearrangement of distal V(H) segments.
IGCR1 ensures ordered V(H)(D)J(H) recombination by preventing incorrect joins in thymocytes and regulating feedback.
IGCR1 is essential for feedback regulation and allelic exclusion of proximal V(H)-to-DJ(H) recombination.

Conclusions:

IGCR1 is a critical regulatory region for immunoglobulin heavy chain V(D)J recombination.
IGCR1 plays a key role in normal B-cell development, antibody repertoire balance, and lineage-specific recombination.
The study highlights a novel function for the CTCF protein in regulating the Igh locus.