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Related Concept Videos

Loose Connective Tissue01:26

Loose Connective Tissue

Loose connective tissue is found between many organs. Its main function is to absorb shock and bind tissues together. It also allows water, salts, and various nutrients to diffuse into cells that are embedded in it or present in adjacent tissues.
Adipose Tissue
Adipose tissue consists primarily of fat storage cells called adipocytes and little extracellular matrix. A large number of capillaries present within adipose tissue allow rapid mobilization of lipid molecules. White adipose tissue is...
Hypodermis01:02

Hypodermis

The hypodermis (the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia) is present directly below the dermis. It connects the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles. It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish. The hypodermis consists of well-vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for...
Layers of Connective Tissue Proper01:21

Layers of Connective Tissue Proper

Fascia, a thin layer of fibrous connective tissue, is distributed throughout the body. It demarcates and forms a supportive covering over skeletal muscles, bones, blood vessels, and organs. There are three main types of facia— superficial fascia, deep fascia, and subserous fascia. These are all present at different depths in the body. Fascia reduces the friction and permits muscles, joints, and organs to easily slide against each other, facilitating movement of the body and preventing tearing...
Functions of Connective Tissues01:17

Functions of Connective Tissues

Connective tissues perform a broad range of functions in the body. Their primary function is to connect and link different tissues in the body and act as packaging material between tissues. The areolar tissue, a connective tissue prototype, commonly cements various tissue types in diverse body organs. In contrast, adipose tissue cushions internal organs while insulating the body from heat loss.
Hard connective tissues, such as bones and cartilage, provide structure and support to the body.
Reticular Dermis01:15

Reticular Dermis

The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
Reticular Layer
Underlying the papillary layer is the much thicker reticular layer, composed of dense, irregular connective...
Fats as Energy Storage Molecules01:06

Fats as Energy Storage Molecules

Triglycerides are a form of long-term energy storage molecules. They are made of glycerol and three fatty acids. To obtain energy from fat, triglycerides must first be broken down by hydrolysis into their two principal components, fatty acids and glycerol. This process, called lipolysis, takes place in the cytoplasm. The resulting fatty acids are oxidized by β-oxidation into acetyl-CoA, which is used by the Krebs cycle. The glycerol that is released from triglycerides after lipolysis directly...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Isolation, Culture, and Adipogenic Induction of Stromal Vascular Fraction-derived Preadipocytes from Mouse Periaortic Adipose Tissue
06:56

Isolation, Culture, and Adipogenic Induction of Stromal Vascular Fraction-derived Preadipocytes from Mouse Periaortic Adipose Tissue

Published on: July 21, 2023

Perivascular adipose tissue: more than just structural support.

Theodora Szasz1, R Clinton Webb

  • 1Department of Physiology, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA. iszasz@georgiahealth.edu

Clinical Science (London, England : 1979)
|September 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) influences blood vessel function by releasing factors that relax smooth muscle. This review explores PVAT

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Biology
  • Adipose Tissue Research
  • Cardiovascular Disease Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is increasingly recognized for its role in vascular health.
  • PVAT influences vascular smooth muscle cells through secreted bioactive molecules.
  • The precise mechanisms, including PVAT-derived relaxing factors (PVRFs), are under active investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of PVAT structure and function.
  • To focus on PVAT's role in modulating vascular tone.
  • To highlight the potential involvement of PVAT dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on PVAT structure, function, and PVRFs.
  • Analysis of mechanisms regulating PVAT's modulation of vascular tone.

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Identification and Dissection of Diverse Mouse Adipose Depots

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Adipo-Clear: A Tissue Clearing Method for Three-Dimensional Imaging of Adipose Tissue
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Adipo-Clear: A Tissue Clearing Method for Three-Dimensional Imaging of Adipose Tissue

Published on: July 28, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Isolation, Culture, and Adipogenic Induction of Stromal Vascular Fraction-derived Preadipocytes from Mouse Periaortic Adipose Tissue
06:56

Isolation, Culture, and Adipogenic Induction of Stromal Vascular Fraction-derived Preadipocytes from Mouse Periaortic Adipose Tissue

Published on: July 21, 2023

Identification and Dissection of Diverse Mouse Adipose Depots
06:31

Identification and Dissection of Diverse Mouse Adipose Depots

Published on: July 11, 2019

Adipo-Clear: A Tissue Clearing Method for Three-Dimensional Imaging of Adipose Tissue
08:52

Adipo-Clear: A Tissue Clearing Method for Three-Dimensional Imaging of Adipose Tissue

Published on: July 28, 2018

  • Examination of evidence linking PVAT dysfunction to obesity, hypertension, and atherosclerosis.

    • Main Results:

    • PVAT exerts an anti-contractile effect on blood vessels, likely mediated by PVRFs.
    • Several PVRFs have been proposed, but their exact nature and action remain elusive.
    • Complex regulatory pathways govern PVAT function, suggesting multiple mechanisms are involved.

    Conclusions:

    • PVAT plays a significant role in regulating vascular tone.
    • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the PVRF mechanisms and PVAT's role in cardiovascular pathology.
    • Understanding PVAT dysfunction is crucial for addressing obesity, hypertension, and atherosclerosis.