Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

2.6K
Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
2.6K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

1.4K
In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
1.4K
NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction01:14

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction

1.2K
When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
1.2K
Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

10.4K
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
10.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Exploring the diagnostic and prognostic utility of resting state functional MRI connectivity in acute/sub-acute TBI.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2025
Same author

Functional network properties derived from wide-field calcium imaging differ with wakefulness and across cell type.

NeuroImage·2022
Same author

Multiple-mouse magnetic resonance imaging with cryogenic radiofrequency probes for evaluation of brain development.

NeuroImage·2022
Same author

Substance use patterns in 9-10 year olds: Baseline findings from the adolescent brain cognitive development (ABCD) study.

Drug and alcohol dependence·2021
Same author

Baseline brain function in the preadolescents of the ABCD Study.

Nature neuroscience·2021
Same author

Kctd13-deficient mice display short-term memory impairment and sex-dependent genetic interactions.

Human molecular genetics·2018
Same journal

A Comparison of Tissue Property Values Estimated Using Conventional Cardiac MRF and MT-Cardiac MRF.

Magnetic resonance in medicine·2026
Same journal

Dependence of the Extra-Cellular Diffusion Coefficient on the Fractions of Neurites and Cell Bodies in Gray Matter.

Magnetic resonance in medicine·2026
Same journal

Triple-Pulse <sup>23</sup>Na MRI Sequence (TriNa) for Simultaneous Acquisition of Spin-Density-Weighted and Fluid-Attenuated Images.

Magnetic resonance in medicine·2026
Same journal

Evaluation of Phantom Doping Materials in Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping.

Magnetic resonance in medicine·2026
Same journal

Design of an 8-Channel Transmit 32-Channel Receive 11.7T Head Coil and Evaluation of SNR Gains.

Magnetic resonance in medicine·2026
Same journal

The Potential for Absolute Temperature Imaging Based on Brain Metabolites Using an FID-Shifting Approach in Gradient Echo Planar Spectroscopic Imaging (GREPSI).

Magnetic resonance in medicine·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease
09:30

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease

Published on: December 18, 2016

20.2K

Why MEM does not work in MR image reconstruction.

R T Constable1, R M Henkelman

  • 1Ontario Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|April 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Maximum Entropy Method (MEM) is not suitable for Magnetic Resonance (MR) image reconstruction, despite common assumptions. Its application is a limited form of constrained regularization, not a unique solution.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Using Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 MRI to Study Lung Diseases
09:55

Author Spotlight: Using Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 MRI to Study Lung Diseases

Published on: January 5, 2024

2.0K
Author Spotlight: Optimized Lung MRI Protocol with Computationally Efficient Reconstruction Methods
05:07

Author Spotlight: Optimized Lung MRI Protocol with Computationally Efficient Reconstruction Methods

Published on: September 6, 2024

869

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease
09:30

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease

Published on: December 18, 2016

20.2K
Author Spotlight: Using Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 MRI to Study Lung Diseases
09:55

Author Spotlight: Using Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 MRI to Study Lung Diseases

Published on: January 5, 2024

2.0K
Author Spotlight: Optimized Lung MRI Protocol with Computationally Efficient Reconstruction Methods
05:07

Author Spotlight: Optimized Lung MRI Protocol with Computationally Efficient Reconstruction Methods

Published on: September 6, 2024

869

Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Image Reconstruction
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging is a vital diagnostic tool.
  • Image reconstruction is critical for MR image quality.
  • The Maximum Entropy Method (MEM) has been proposed for MR image reconstruction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the theoretical basis and practical application of MEM in MR image reconstruction.
  • To determine the validity of heuristic justifications for using MEM in this context.
  • To position MEM within the broader landscape of image reconstruction techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of the Maximum Entropy Method's principles.
  • Examination of the mathematical and physical assumptions underlying MEM in MR imaging.
  • Comparison of MEM with other constrained regularization methods.

Main Results:

  • The study demonstrates that MEM is theoretically inappropriate for MR image reconstruction.
  • The common heuristic justifications for employing MEM in MR imaging are found to be invalid.
  • MEM's application is reclassified as a specific instance of constrained regularization.

Conclusions:

  • Maximum Entropy Method is not an optimal or theoretically sound approach for MR image reconstruction.
  • The use of MEM in MR imaging lacks a valid heuristic foundation.
  • MEM should be viewed as one of several constrained regularization techniques, not a specialized method for MR images.