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Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

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An Electroporation Method to Transform Rickettsia spp. with a Fluorescent Protein-Expressing Shuttle Vector in Tick Cell Lines
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[Rickets in a child].

Harpa Kristinsdottir1, Soffía Jonasdottir, Sigurdur Bjornsson

  • 1Laeknadeild haskola Islands.

Laeknabladid
|September 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Vitamin D deficiency can cause rickets in children. A restricted diet due to food allergy led to rickets in a young girl, highlighting the need for adequate vitamin D supplementation.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Nutritional Science
  • Bone Metabolism

Background:

  • Vitamin D is crucial for bone development and preventing rickets.
  • Vitamin D deficiency is a growing global concern, with recent cases reported in Iceland.
  • Adequate vitamin D intake is challenging for children, often requiring supplementation.

Observation:

  • A 27-month-old girl was diagnosed with rickets.
  • Her vitamin D intake was insufficient due to restricted diet from food allergies and inadequate supplementation.
  • She received limited vitamin D from AD drops and cod liver oil.

Findings:

  • The patient's rickets was attributed to vitamin D deficiency.
  • A restricted diet exacerbated the deficiency, despite some supplementation.

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  • High-dose vitamin D therapy (Stoss therapy) successfully corrected the deficiency.
  • Implications:

    • This case underscores the importance of monitoring vitamin D levels in children, especially those with dietary restrictions.
    • It highlights the potential for rickets development even with some supplementation if intake is inadequate.
    • Ensuring sufficient vitamin D is vital for preventing bone disorders like rickets in pediatric populations.