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An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
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Primary generalized glucocorticoid resistance and hypersensitivity.

Evangelia Charmandari1

  • 1First Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Athens Medical School, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, Greece. evangelia.charmandari@googlemail.com

Hormone Research in Paediatrics
|September 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Alterations in the human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR) gene cause primary generalized glucocorticoid resistance (PGGR) and hypersensitivity (PGGH), impacting stress, immunity, and reproduction.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR) is a crucial transcription factor regulating essential physiological functions.
  • Dysregulation of hGR action disrupts glucocorticoid signaling and affects tissue sensitivity.
  • Primary generalized glucocorticoid resistance (PGGR) and hypersensitivity (PGGH) represent significant clinical conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology, molecular mechanisms, and clinical aspects of PGGR and PGGH.
  • To synthesize current knowledge on hGR gene alterations and their consequences.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature review of peer-reviewed articles published from 1975 to May 2011 was performed.
  • Literature search was conducted using PubMed.
  • Evidence synthesis incorporated expert experience and personal insights.

Main Results:

  • Mutations in the hGR gene are identified as the molecular basis for PGGR and PGGH.
  • These mutations alter tissue sensitivity to glucocorticoids, leading to varied physiological responses.

Conclusions:

  • Altered hGR action, due to gene mutations or polymorphisms, has profound implications for biological processes.
  • These include stress response, immune function, inflammation, growth, and reproduction.
  • Understanding hGR gene variations is critical for comprehending glucocorticoid signaling dysregulation.