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Related Concept Videos

Vitamins01:30

Vitamins

Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced in our...
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Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) results in an inability to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. Effective nursing management is critical in improving patient outcomes and includes comprehensive patient assessment and targeted interventions.Comprehensive Patient AssessmentA detailed history collection is essential, focusing on any recent infections, nephrotoxic medication use, or chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes that may contribute to AKI. During the physical...
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Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Overview and Classification01:16

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Overview and Classification

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical practice that measures specific drug levels in a patient's blood at designated intervals to ensure the drug concentration stays within a therapeutic range. This monitoring is crucial for optimizing individual dosage regimens, enhancing therapeutic efficacy, and minimizing drug-related toxicity. TDM is vital for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, significant variability in pharmacokinetics, and a clear correlation between plasma levels and...
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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.

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Related Experiment Videos

Thiamine supplementation in the critically ill.

William Manzanares1, Gil Hardy

  • 1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas, Dr Manuel Quintela, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Universidad de la República, UDELAR, Montevideo, Uruguay. wmanzanares@adinet.com.uy

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care
|September 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Thiamine (vitamin B1) is vital for energy production. Critically ill patients often have thiamine depletion, increasing mortality risk. Early supplementation is crucial to prevent severe complications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and critical care medicine.
  • Nutritional science and metabolic pathways.

Background:

  • Thiamine pyrophosphate is essential for carbohydrate metabolism and energy production.
  • Critical illness is linked to thiamine depletion, increasing mortality by nearly 50%.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review thiamine properties.
  • To evaluate evidence on thiamine status and supplementation in critically ill patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on thiamine status and supplementation in critical care.

Main Results:

  • Thiamine deficiency is common in critical illness (sepsis, burns, malnutrition, etc.) but often unrecognized.
  • Risk factors include alcoholism, starvation, parenteral feeding, and bariatric surgery.
  • Early recognition and treatment of thiamine deficiency can prevent neurological damage.

Conclusions:

  • Thiamine deficiency signs lack specificity in critically ill patients, leading to underdiagnosis.
  • Early and appropriate thiamine supplementation is recommended to avoid adverse outcomes.