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Biomechanical techniques to evaluate tibial rotation. A systematic review
Mak-Ham Lam1, Daniel Tik-Pui Fong, Patrick Shu-Hang Yung
1Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Summary
This review summarizes biomechanical techniques for quantifying tibial rotation. Choosing the right method depends on the clinical application, with cadaveric models often used for initial testing before human trials.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Orthopedics
- Knee Kinematics
Background:
- Tibial rotation is crucial for knee function and stability.
- Accurate quantification of tibial rotation is essential for clinical applications and research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review biomechanical techniques for quantifying tibial rotation.
- To provide an overview for selecting appropriate techniques based on clinical needs.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search including 110 articles.
- Categorization of studies based on knee examination conditions: external load, physical examination, and dynamic tasks.
Main Results:
- Most studies (two-thirds) measured tibial rotation under external load, primarily using cadaveric models (over 80%).
- Common techniques include displacement measurement, motion sensors, optical tracking, and force sensors.
- Motion analysis with skin markers is used for dynamic assessment but is less accurate than radiographic methods.
Conclusions:
- Various biomechanical techniques exist for quantifying tibial rotation.
- Cadaveric models are recommended for evaluating new surgical techniques before human application.
- Consider the study's purpose, model (cadaveric vs. human), and stress application when selecting a measurement technique.