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Related Concept Videos

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry01:12

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry

Higher molecular weight biomolecules are nonvolatile compounds that may decompose before ionizing or vaporizing during mass analysis with conventional electron impact ionization methods. Accordingly, electrospray ionization (ESI) is the favored method for vaporizing and ionizing biomolecules as it circumvents rapid fragmentation and enables the recording of mass signals for the entire biomolecule.
ESI utilizes electrical energy to transfer ions from the liquid phase of the sample into the...
MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry01:19

MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

Mass spectrometry is a powerful characterization technique that can identify and separate a wide variety of compounds ranging from chemical to biological entities, based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The instruments that allow this detection, known as mass spectrometers, have three components: an ion source, a mass analyzer, and a detector. These spectrometers differ based on the nature of their ion source and analyzers.Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) is a commonly...
Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis01:21

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
GC–MS is a powerful hyphenated method commonly used in forensics and environmental...
Mass Spectrum: Interpretation01:24

Mass Spectrum: Interpretation

An unknown compound can be established by identifying the molecular ion peak in the mass spectrum. The molecular ion peak is often weak or absent due to the predominance of fragmentation in high-energy electron beams. In such cases, a soft-energy electron beam can be used to scan the spectrum to enhance the intensity of the molecular ion peak. Additionally, chemical ionization, field ionization, and desorption ionization spectra are used to obtain a relatively intense molecular ion peak.To...
Rapid Identification of Pathogens01:25

Rapid Identification of Pathogens

MALDI-TOF MS has transformed clinical microbiology by offering a rapid and reliable method for pathogen identification. The traditional approach to microbial identification typically involves time-consuming culture techniques and biochemical tests, which can delay the initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. MALDI-TOF MS avoids these delays by using characteristic ribosomal protein mass patterns of microbial cells, enabling accurate species-level identification within minutes.Principle...

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Leaf Spray Mass Spectrometry: A Rapid Ambient Ionization Technique to Directly Assess Metabolites from Plant Tissues
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Published on: June 21, 2018

Tissue-spray ionization mass spectrometry for raw herb analysis.

Sharon Lai-Fung Chan1, Melody Yee-Man Wong, Ho-Wai Tang

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Open Laboratory of Chemical Biology of the Institute of Molecular Technology for Drug Discovery and Synthesis, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.

Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry : RCM
|September 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary

A new tissue-spray ionization mass spectrometry method allows direct chemical analysis of raw ginseng herbs. This technique rapidly identifies abundant phytochemicals and metabolites while preserving sample integrity for further examination.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biochemistry
  • Pharmacognosy

Background:

  • Traditional methods for analyzing raw herbs are often destructive or require extensive sample preparation.
  • In situ analysis of complex biological matrices like raw herbs presents significant challenges for conventional mass spectrometry techniques.
  • Understanding the chemical composition of ginseng is crucial for its medicinal applications and quality control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate a novel tissue-spray ionization mass spectrometry method for direct chemical analysis of raw herbs.
  • To showcase the capability of the method for identifying diverse phytochemicals and metabolites in ginseng.
  • To evaluate the method's potential for differentiating between ginseng types and preserving sample integrity.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a tissue-spray ionization mass spectrometry technique for in situ analysis of raw ginseng tissues.
  • Application of high electrical voltage to solvent-wetted ginseng samples to induce direct spraying and ionization of analyte molecules.
  • Conducting experiments in both positive and negative ion modes to detect a wide range of compounds.
  • Subsequent morphological and/or microscopic examination of samples post-analysis.

Main Results:

  • Successful direct detection and ionization of abundant phytochemicals/metabolites, including ginsenosides, amino acids, and oligosaccharides, from raw ginseng tissues.
  • Identification of thermally labile and easily hydrolyzed malonyl-ginsenosides using negative ion mode.
  • Demonstration of the method's simplicity and speed for chemical profiling.
  • Successful differentiation between wild-type and cultivated-type American ginsengs.

Conclusions:

  • Tissue-spray ionization mass spectrometry is a viable technique for rapid, direct chemical analysis of raw herbs under ambient conditions.
  • The method preserves sample integrity, allowing for subsequent morphological analysis.
  • This technique offers a simple, fast, and effective approach for the chemical profiling and differentiation of ginseng varieties.