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Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...
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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
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Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Updated: May 29, 2026

Virus Propagation and Cell-Based Colorimetric Quantification
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[Rubella in Poland in 2009].

Justyna Rogalska1

  • 1Zakład Epidemiologii Narodowego Instytutu Zdrowia Publicznego--Państwowego Zakładu Higieny w Warszawie. jrogalska@pzh.gov.pl

Przeglad Epidemiologiczny
|September 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary

In 2009, Poland reported 7,587 rubella cases. Improved laboratory diagnosis is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of the 2-dose immunization program on rubella epidemiology.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases

Context:

  • Poland registered 7,587 rubella cases in 2009, with an incidence of 19.9 per 100,000 population.
  • A new case definition in 2009 classified 7 cases as confirmed and 30 as probable.
  • One case of congenital rubella syndrome was reported, highlighting the potential impact on newborns.

Purpose:

  • To analyze the epidemiological trends of rubella in Poland in 2009.
  • To assess the preliminary impact of the 2-dose immunization strategy implemented in 2003.
  • To identify areas for improvement in disease surveillance and diagnosis.

Summary:

  • The overall incidence of rubella in Poland in 2009 was 19.9 per 100,000 population.
  • Incidence was higher in males (26.6) than females (13.6), with the highest rates in 7- and 8-year-old children.

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  • Despite a high number of reported cases, only 0.1% were confirmed, indicating a need for enhanced laboratory diagnostic capabilities.

    • Impact:

    • The findings underscore the necessity of strengthening laboratory diagnostic capacity for accurate rubella surveillance.
    • Improved diagnostics are crucial for evaluating the long-term impact of rubella vaccination programs.
    • Understanding current epidemiological patterns is essential for refining public health strategies against rubella and congenital rubella syndrome.