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Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...

Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction

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Diabetes mellitus consists of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. This elevated blood glucose results from defects in insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. Insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis by facilitating cellular glucose uptake for energy or storage. Disruptions in insulin production or function lead to glucose accumulation in the bloodstream, causing the clinical features and long-term...

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

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Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

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Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Updated: May 29, 2026

A Murine Pancreatic Islet Cell-based Screening for Diabetogenic Environmental Chemicals

A Murine Pancreatic Islet Cell-based Screening for Diabetogenic Environmental Chemicals

Published on: June 25, 2018

Arsenic and diabetes: current perspectives.

Chun Fa Huang¹, Ya Wen Chen, Ching Yao Yang

¹School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.

The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences

|September 15, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Arsenic exposure, particularly from drinking water, is linked to diabetes mellitus (DM). While high exposure is clearly associated with DM, the effects of low to moderate arsenic levels on diabetes risk remain debated, necessitating further research.

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Last Updated: May 29, 2026

A Murine Pancreatic Islet Cell-based Screening for Diabetogenic Environmental Chemicals

A Murine Pancreatic Islet Cell-based Screening for Diabetogenic Environmental Chemicals

Published on: June 25, 2018

Area of Science:

Environmental Health
Toxicology
Endocrinology

Background:

Arsenic is a toxic metalloid with global health implications.
A dose-response relationship between arsenic exposure and diabetes mellitus (DM) is observed in endemic areas.
The diabetogenic role of arsenic, especially at low to moderate exposure levels, is still under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review mechanism studies on arsenic exposure and diabetes development.
To discuss current evidence and conditions linking environmental arsenic exposure to DM.
To clarify the ongoing debate on arsenic's role in diabetes.

Main Methods:

Review of existing epidemiological and in vitro/in vivo experimental studies.
Analysis of findings from high and low/moderate arsenic exposure scenarios.
Consideration of environmental exposure assessment and biomarkers.

Main Results:

High chronic arsenic exposure is associated with DM, similar to Type 2 DM.
Evidence for an association between low to moderate arsenic exposure and DM risk is inconsistent.
In vitro studies suggest arsenic impairs insulin secretion and glucose uptake, but in vivo data is conflicting.

Conclusions:

The precise mechanisms of arsenic-induced diabetes are not fully defined.
Further prospective epidemiological studies are needed to resolve controversies.
Environmental exposure assessment and appropriate biomarkers are crucial for future research.