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Design Example

Design Example

The innovation of touch-tone telephony revolutionized the telecommunications industry by replacing the traditional rotary dial with a dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling system. This system uses a matrix-style keypad with buttons arranged in four rows and three columns, creating 12 distinct signals each assigned to a pair of frequencies. Each button press results in a simultaneous generation of two sinusoidal tones – one from a low-frequency group (697 to 941 Hz) and one from a...

SBAR II: Application of SBAR

SBAR II: Application of SBAR

SBAR is an effective communication tool used by healthcare professionals to communicate patient information accurately. SBAR stands for Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation. For a better understanding, an example is given below.
SBAR Report from a Nurse to a Health Care Provider
S: "Hello, Dr. Smith. This is Jane, RN, from the Med Surg unit. I am calling to tell you about Ms. White in Room 210, who is experiencing increased pain and redness at her incision site. Her recent...

SBAR I: Understanding the Concept

SBAR I: Understanding the Concept

Effective communication among healthcare professionals during hand-off reporting is essential to delivering safe and continuous patient care. Common professional interactions include reports to healthcare team members, hand-off, and transfer reports. Nurses routinely report information to other healthcare team members and also urgently contact healthcare providers to report changes in patient status.
Standardized methods of communication have been developed to ensure that information is...

Communication

Communication

Sharing information, concepts, and emotions to foster mutual understanding is communication. The sender, recipient, and transaction must be considered in this manner. The sender is the person who shares the message, the recipient is the person who receives and understands the message, and the transaction is the method used to deliver the message and the variables that affect the communication's context and surroundings. The nurse-client connection is built on therapeutic communication.
Within...

Communication

Communication

Communication between two animals occurs when one animal transmits an information signal that causes a change in the animal that receives the information. Organisms communicate with one another in a host of different ways. Signals can be auditory, chemical, visual, tactile, or a combination of these. Communication is a critical behavioral adaptation that promotes survival, growth, and reproduction.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

How to Build a Dichoptic Presentation System That Includes an Eye Tracker

How to Build a Dichoptic Presentation System That Includes an Eye Tracker

Published on: September 6, 2017

Fold-A-Board communication device.

Joanna Sokolowski, Aedan Maher, Katie Jaycox

Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation

|September 15, 2011

Summary

Individuals with aphasia, a stroke-induced language impairment, often need communication aids. This study designed the Fold-A-Board, an accessible, one-handed writing device to improve daily communication for those with aphasia.

Area of Science:

Neurology
Rehabilitation Engineering
Assistive Technology

Background:

Aphasia, a language disorder post-stroke, significantly impacts verbal communication.
Existing communication devices are often unsuitable for individuals with aphasia who have unilateral hand use.
There is a need for accessible, user-friendly communication tools for this population.

Purpose of the Study:

To design an innovative communication device tailored for individuals with aphasia and one-handed use.
To address the limitations of current writing aids for this specific demographic.

Main Methods:

User-centered design approach incorporating interviews and observations.
Iterative design process to meet identified user needs.
Development of a prototype device meeting specific functional and aesthetic criteria.

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Last Updated: May 29, 2026

How to Build a Dichoptic Presentation System That Includes an Eye Tracker

How to Build a Dichoptic Presentation System That Includes an Eye Tracker

Published on: September 6, 2017

Main Results:

The Fold-A-Board communication device was designed to be accessible with one hand.
Key features include a small size, erasable surface, and professional appearance.
The device aims to facilitate easier daily communication for users with aphasia.

Conclusions:

The Fold-A-Board effectively meets the design requirements for an easy-to-use writing device for individuals with aphasia and one-handedness.
This assistive technology has the potential to enhance the quality of life and independence for users.
Further research could explore user adoption and long-term communication efficacy.