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White matter microstructural correlates of superior long-term skill gained implicitly under randomized practice.

Sunbin Song1, Nikhil Sharma, Ethan R Buch

  • 1Human Cortical Physiology and Stroke Neurorehabilitation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.

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Randomized practice schedules enhance long-term implicit motor skill learning more effectively than grouped schedules. This superior skill acquisition is linked to distinct white matter microstructural differences in the brain.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Learning
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Skills are acquired intentionally or implicitly.
  • Randomized practice benefits intentional learning, but its effect on implicit learning is unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of randomized versus grouped practice schedules on implicit motor skill learning.
  • To identify the white matter microstructural correlates of long-term implicit skill acquisition.

Main Methods:

  • Healthy subjects learned a motor sequence implicitly under randomized or grouped practice.
  • Diffusion-weighted imaging was used to assess white matter microstructure (fractional anisotropy).

Main Results:

  • Randomized practice resulted in superior long-term skill compared to grouped practice.
  • Skill in randomized learners correlated with fractional anisotropy in the sensorimotor corticostriatal tract.
  • Skill in grouped learners correlated with fractional anisotropy in the prefrontal cortex and its connections.

Conclusions:

  • Randomized practice schedules enhance long-term implicit skill acquisition more than grouped schedules.
  • Superior skill from randomized practice is associated with white matter integrity in the sensorimotor corticostriatal network.