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  • 1Toxicology Research and Development, Immunalysis Corporation, 829 Towne Center Drive, Pomona, CA 91767, USA. cmoore@immunalysis.com

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Workplace drug testing is adopting oral fluid analysis due to easy collection. Existing lab equipment can screen using immunoassays and confirm with mass spectrometry, making oral fluid testing accessible and cost-effective.

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Toxicology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Occupational Health

Background:

  • Oral fluid drug testing is gaining popularity in workplaces because it is easy to collect and observe.
  • Existing laboratory instrumentation can be adapted for oral fluid analysis, reducing the need for new capital investment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the feasibility of adapting current laboratory instrumentation for oral fluid drug testing.
  • To align with European Workplace Drug Testing Society (EWDTS) guidelines for acceptable cut-off concentrations.

Main Methods:

  • Routine screening using immunoassay (e.g., ELISA) with various collection devices and formats.
  • Confirmation of positive immunoassay results using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectral detection (LC-MS/MS).

Main Results:

  • Immunoassays offer faster turnaround times, especially for large numbers of specimens.
  • Current mass spectrometry instruments can easily achieve the proposed concentration levels for drug detection.
  • Validated LC-MS/MS and/or GC-MS methods are available for confirming all drug classes.

Conclusions:

  • Laboratories can readily implement oral fluid analysis using existing immunoassay and mass spectrometry systems.
  • Screening with immunoassay followed by mass spectrometry confirmation provides a cost-effective and scientifically credible approach for workplace drug testing.
  • The described methods support the reliable and defensible analysis of oral fluid specimens in workplace drug testing programs.