Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...

Epilepsy ll: Types

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...

Seizures: Classification

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:

Seizures l: Introduction

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Bloodborne infections in dental practice: prevalence of markers and phylogenetic analysis of circulating strains.

Voprosy virusologii·2026

Same author

Association of the rs823144 variant of the RAB29 gene with the activity of lysosomal hydrolases in blood cells and risk of Parkinson's disease.

Vavilovskii zhurnal genetiki i selektsii·2025

Same author

[Identification of human genes potentially involved in the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis C based on multi-network bioinformatics analysis].

Voprosy virusologii·2025

Same author

Decreased DNA methyltransferase 1 level in blood cells in Parkinson's disease.

Neuroscience·2025

Same author

[Analysis of the causes of late diagnosis of vascular myelopathy].

Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova·2025

Same author

Restoration of Lysosomal Hydrolase Activities by LRRK2 Inhibition in GBA1- and LRRK2-Associated Parkinson's Disease Patient-Derived Cells.

Journal of neurochemistry·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Scoring Central Nervous System Inflammation, Demyelination, and Axon Injury in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Scoring Central Nervous System Inflammation, Demyelination, and Axon Injury in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: February 23, 2024

[Symptomatic epilepsy in inflammatory demyelinating diseases].

N A Totolian, E V Borisova, A A Totolian

Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova

|September 16, 2011

Summary

This study details symptomatic epilepsy in multiple sclerosis and challenging inflammatory brain diseases. It highlights MRI findings and laboratory tests for accurate diagnosis in complex neurological cases.

More Related Videos

A Model for Epilepsy of Infectious Etiology using Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus

A Model for Epilepsy of Infectious Etiology using Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus

Published on: June 23, 2022

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

Published on: September 20, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Scoring Central Nervous System Inflammation, Demyelination, and Axon Injury in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Scoring Central Nervous System Inflammation, Demyelination, and Axon Injury in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: February 23, 2024

A Model for Epilepsy of Infectious Etiology using Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus

A Model for Epilepsy of Infectious Etiology using Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus

Published on: June 23, 2022

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

Published on: September 20, 2024

Area of Science:

Neurology
Neuroimmunology
Neuroradiology

Context:

Epilepsy is a significant clinical manifestation in multiple sclerosis (MS).
Diagnosing epilepsy in the context of inflammatory and demyelinating diseases presents unique challenges.
Complex cases require detailed clinical and radiological evaluation.

Purpose:

To summarize the features of symptomatic epilepsy in multiple sclerosis.
To clinically analyze difficult cases of inflammatory/demyelinating diseases where epilepsy is the primary syndrome.
To review specific conditions like acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, cerebral angiitis, and Rasmussen's encephalitis.

Summary:

Analysis of challenging epilepsy cases within inflammatory and demyelinating neurological disorders.
Review of specific conditions including post-infectious ADEM, idiopathic cerebral angiitis, and Rasmussen's encephalitis.
Discussion of MRI findings in structural brain lesions and the utility of cerebrospinal fluid analysis.

Impact:

Improved diagnostic strategies for epilepsy in demyelinating diseases.
Enhanced understanding of neuroinflammatory conditions presenting with seizures.
Guidance on integrating neuroimaging and laboratory diagnostics for complex neurological presentations.