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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Tuberculosis01:23

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...
Bacterial Phylum Actinobacteria01:30

Bacterial Phylum Actinobacteria

Coryneform bacteria are gram-positive, aerobic, nonmotile rods that exhibit irregular, club-shaped, or V-shaped arrangements. Their V-shape results from snapping division, where the inner cell wall layer forms the cross-wall, while the outer layer remains intact until it ruptures on one side, causing the daughter cells to bend away.The primary genera are Corynebacterium and Arthrobacter. Corynebacterium includes diverse species, ranging from saprophytes to pathogens like Corynebacterium...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Intradermal Inoculation of Mycobacterium avium in the Mouse Ear
09:20

Intradermal Inoculation of Mycobacterium avium in the Mouse Ear

Published on: July 3, 2025

[Nontuberculous mycobacteria].

Yuji Shiraishi1

  • 1Section of Chest Surgery, Fukujuji Hospital, Kiyose, Japan.

Kyobu Geka. the Japanese Journal of Thoracic Surgery
|September 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) lung disease is common in Japan, treated with drugs or surgery. Early surgical intervention for localized MAC lung disease can improve outcomes but carries risks, especially pneumonectomy.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Context:

  • Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is the leading nontuberculous mycobacterial pathogen in Japan.
  • MAC lung disease presents as fibrocavitary or nodular bronchiectatic forms.
  • Current primary treatment involves multidrug medical therapy.

Purpose:

  • To outline the treatment strategies for Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease.
  • To define the indications and considerations for surgical intervention in MAC lung disease.
  • To emphasize the importance of timing in surgical management of MAC lung disease.

Summary:

  • Standard medical treatment includes clarithromycin, rifampicin, and ethambutol, with aminoglycosides added as needed.
  • Surgical resection is considered for localized disease with poor drug response, macrolide resistance, or hemoptysis.

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  • Favorable outcomes are achievable with surgery, but morbidity, particularly with pneumonectomy, is significant.

    • Impact:

    • Highlights the critical role of early surgical intervention to potentially avoid pneumonectomy.
    • Provides guidance for managing complex MAC lung disease cases.
    • Underscores the balance between surgical benefits and risks in MAC treatment.