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Related Concept Videos

The Vestibular System01:29

The Vestibular System

The vestibular system is a set of inner ear structures that provide a sense of balance and spatial orientation. This system is comprised of structures within the labyrinth of the inner ear, including the cochlea and two otolith organs—the utricle and saccule. The labyrinth also contains three semicircular canals—superior, posterior, and horizontal—that are oriented on different planes.
Equilibrium and Balance01:15

Equilibrium and Balance

The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...
Assessment of the Cardiovascular System I: Subjective Data01:23

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System I: Subjective Data

A thorough health history and physical assessment are essential for identifying cardiovascular disease (CVD) symptoms and distinguishing them from other health issues.
Initial Enquiry
Ask the patient about their primary concern and thoroughly explore all reported symptoms.
Medical History
Investigate past illnesses affecting the cardiovascular system, such as angina, anemia, rheumatic fever, congenital heart disease, stroke, thrombophlebitis, dysrhythmias, varicosities
Inquire about symptoms...
Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...
Vascular Spasm01:16

Vascular Spasm

The vascular phase, also known as vasospasm, is the initial stage of hemostasis, crucial for preventing excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. After a vessel is cut, nerves in the damaged area trigger pain and other sensory impulses. Simultaneously, the smooth muscles in the vessel wall contract, resulting in a vascular spasm. This contraction reduces the vessel's diameter at the injury site, slowing or stopping blood loss through the vessel wall. Vascular spasms typically last for...
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Behavioral Assessment of the Aging Mouse Vestibular System
09:30

Behavioral Assessment of the Aging Mouse Vestibular System

Published on: July 11, 2014

[Vestibular system in patients with systemic sclerosis].

Katarzyna Maciaszczyk1, Tomasz Durko, Elzbieta Waszczykowska

  • 1Uniwersytecki Szpital Kliniczny nr 1 im. N. Barlickiego, I Katedra Otolaryngologii Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Łodzi. k.maciaszczyk@op.pl

Otolaryngologia Polska = the Polish Otolaryngology
|September 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Vestibular organ damage is common in systemic sclerosis (SSc), affecting 70% of patients and often causing vertigo and balance issues. Early evaluation of ear involvement is crucial for diagnosis and treatment in SSc patients.

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Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Behavioral Assessment of the Aging Mouse Vestibular System
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Published on: July 11, 2014

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Using Unidirectional Rotations to Improve Vestibular System Asymmetry in Patients with Vestibular Dysfunction

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10:12

Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform

Published on: May 23, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Rheumatology
  • Neuroscience

Context:

  • Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by vasculitis and fibrosis.
  • Inner ear damage, leading to hearing and balance disorders, can occur in SSc patients.
  • The etiology of audiovestibular dysfunction in SSc is linked to immune-mediated processes.

Purpose:

  • To evaluate the prevalence of vestibular organ dysfunction in patients with SSc.
  • To explore the relationship between vestibular abnormalities and disease duration, Raynaud phenomenon, SSc type, and severity.
  • To assess audiovestibular symptoms and objective findings in SSc.

Summary:

  • Seventy percent of SSc patients exhibited vestibular organ abnormalities, with central lesions being most common (40%).
  • Common symptoms included vertigo (65%), headaches (55%), tinnitus (50%), and hearing loss (40%).
  • Vestibular dysfunction was more frequent in patients with reported vertigo, dizziness, and balance disturbances.

Impact:

  • Highlights the high prevalence of ear involvement in SSc, emphasizing the need for audiological and vestibular assessments.
  • Suggests that audiovestibular evaluation should be integrated into the diagnostic and therapeutic management of SSc.
  • Provides insights into the specific types and prevalence of vestibular lesions in SSc.