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Related Concept Videos

Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature02:54

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers
07:14

Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers

Published on: May 12, 2023

Two open-framework germanates with nickel complexes incorporated into the framework.

Shiliang Huang1, Kirsten Christensen, Maxim V Peskov

  • 1Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry and Berzelii Center EXSELENT on Porous Materials, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.

Inorganic Chemistry
|September 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Two novel germanate materials, SUT-1 and SUT-2, were synthesized using ethylenediamine as a template and nickel complexes. These open frameworks incorporate nickel into germanate structures for the first time, creating unique 3D networks.

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Last Updated: May 29, 2026

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Published on: May 12, 2023

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Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Core-Shell Metal-Organic Frameworks
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Published on: February 10, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Crystal Engineering

Background:

  • Germanates are inorganic compounds containing germanium and oxygen.
  • Open-framework materials possess porous structures with potential applications in catalysis and separation.
  • Nickel complexes can be incorporated into inorganic frameworks to tune properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel open-framework germanates.
  • To investigate the incorporation of transition-metal complexes into germanate frameworks.
  • To explore new germanate topologies and their structural features.

Main Methods:

  • Hydrothermal synthesis using ethylenediamine (en) as a template.
  • Utilizing Ni(NO3)2·6H2O as the nickel source.
  • Framework characterization through crystallographic analysis.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of two new germanate structures, SUT-1 and SUT-2.
  • Frameworks constructed from Ge(10) clusters and [Ni(en)2](2+) complexes.
  • First reported incorporation of Ni(2+) complexes into germanate frameworks.
  • SUT-2 exhibits a novel topology due to additional Ge(2)O(7) linkages.

Conclusions:

  • SUT-1 and SUT-2 represent new classes of nickel-germanate open-framework materials.
  • The synthetic strategy allows for the integration of metal complexes into germanate networks.
  • The structural diversity achieved, particularly in SUT-2, opens avenues for further materials design.