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Temperature-induced gelation in dilute nanofluids.

Vijutha Sunny1, T Muthukumaran, John Philip

  • 1SMARTS, NDE Division, Metallurgy & Materials Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603102, India.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|September 16, 2011
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Summary

Temperature increases cause nanofluids with iron oxide and alumina nanoparticles to gel. This transition enhances elastic modulus, viscous modulus, and viscosity significantly, driven by van der Waals attractions in poor solvent conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Surface Science
  • Materials Science
  • Rheology

Background:

  • Dilute nanofluids composed of surfactant-capped iron oxide and alumina nanoparticles (~10 nm) are investigated.
  • Understanding the phase behavior and rheological properties of such systems is crucial for various applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the temperature-induced gelation phenomenon in dilute nanofluids.
  • To characterize the changes in rheological properties (elastic modulus, viscous modulus, viscosity) during gelation.
  • To determine the relationship between critical temperature and particle volume fraction.

Main Methods:

  • Rheological measurements were performed on nanofluids with varying surfactant-capped iron oxide and alumina particle concentrations.
  • Temperature and shear rate were systematically varied to identify the gelation transition point.
  • Power law scaling analysis was used to describe the relationship between critical temperature and volume fraction.

Main Results:

  • A dramatic enhancement (3-6 orders of magnitude) in elastic modulus, viscous modulus, and viscosity was observed above a critical temperature (Tc) and critical shear rate (γ̇c).
  • This gel-like transition occurred at a low particle volume fraction (φ < 0.035).
  • The critical temperature (Tc) exhibited a weak power law scaling with volume fraction (φ) as Tc ~ φ(β), with a determined scaling exponent β = -0.24.

Conclusions:

  • Temperature-induced gelation in these dilute nanofluids is attributed to strong van der Waals attractions under poor solvent conditions.
  • The observed phase behavior is analogous to that reported for polymer-coated colloids.
  • These findings provide insights into the fundamental interactions governing nanoparticle assembly and fluid properties.