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Updated: May 29, 2026

Activation of Apoptosis by Cytoplasmic Microinjection of Cytochrome c
Published on: June 29, 2011
Conjugation of cytochrome c with hydrogen titanate nanotubes: novel conformational state with implications for
Moumita Ray1, Sriparna Chatterjee, Tanmay Das
1Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India.
Abstract:
We show that hydrogen titanate (H(2)Ti(3)O(7)) nanotubes form strongly associated reversible nano-bio-conjugates with the vital respiratory protein, cytochrome c. Resonance Raman spectroscopy along with direct electrochemical studies indicate that in this nano-bio-conjugate, cytochrome c exists in an equilibrium of two conformational states with distinctly different formal redox potentials and coordination geometries of the heme center. The nanotube-conjugated cytochrome c also showed enhanced peroxidase activity similar to the membrane-bound protein that is believed to be an apoptosis initiator. This suggests that such a nanotube-cytochrome c conjugate may be a good candidate for cancer therapy applications.
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