[Lung cancer]

Based on several landmark studies and meta-analyses, the standard of care for stage II - III A NSCLC patients has been adjuvant cisplatin-based doublet chemotherapy performed after appropriate surgical resection. The benefit of this therapy for patients with stage I B NSCLC is less apparent, likely because of the heterogeneity of this population. In Japan, however, many randomized clinical studies have assessed the effectiveness of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with tegafur-uracil (UFT)in patients with completely resected NSCLC. Based on these studies and a meta-analysis, UFT is used as the standard postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for stage I NSCLC patients with a tumor larger than 2 cm. It is necessary to re-evaluate adjuvant chemotherapy strategies according to the new seventh edition of the tumor-nodemetastasis classification system. The role of postoperative radiotherapy(PORT)is also explored there. Recently, several tumor markers such as ERCC1 may have had a predictive value for selecting patients who will benefit from adjuvant platin-based chemotherapy. Targeted agents and vaccine therapy are also being evaluated as adjuvant treatments for use after the resection of NSCLC. Randomized studies are ongoing. If these results are confirmed, we will enter an era of personalized care for resected NSCLC.