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Updated: May 29, 2026

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Published on: September 16, 2021

Current issues and available options in combined hormonal contraception.

Johannes Bitzer¹, James A Simon

¹Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, Basel, Switzerland. jbitzer@uhbs.ch

|September 17, 2011

Summary

Hormonal contraception has evolved significantly, offering safer, more effective options for women. Newer formulations and delivery methods like the transdermal patch and vaginal ring improve tolerability and user satisfaction.

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Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Published on: September 16, 2021

Area of Science:

Reproductive Health
Pharmacology
Women's Health

Background:

Hormonal contraception has advanced since the 1960s, improving women's lives.
Modern oral contraceptives are safer and more effective than early formulations.
Evolving progestogens and reduced estrogen doses minimize side effects.

Purpose of the Study:

To review combined hormonal contraceptive options.
To compare efficacy, safety, and user satisfaction.
To examine risks like venous thrombosis and effects on bone mineral density.

Main Methods:

Systematic review of available combined hormonal contraceptive data.
Comparative analysis of efficacy, safety, and adverse events.
Inclusion of user preference and satisfaction data.

Main Results:

Newer hormonal contraceptives offer improved safety and tolerability.
Transdermal patches and vaginal rings are popular alternative delivery methods.
Analysis includes specific risks and effects on bone mineral density and antiepileptic drug interactions.

Conclusions:

Combined hormonal contraceptives have evolved into safer, more tolerable options.
Diverse formulations and delivery systems cater to varied user needs.
Ongoing research addresses specific safety concerns and drug interactions.