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Related Concept Videos

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Antiprotozoal Agents01:21

Antiprotozoal Agents

Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...

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Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Patterns in Patients With Vitiligo.

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Definition of Severity and Relapse for Vitiligo: An International Consensus Statement.

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Randomized, double-blind treatment withdrawal or continuation with ruxolitinib cream in vitiligo: findings from the Topical Ruxolitinib Evaluation in Vitiligo (TRuE-V) long-term extension phase III study.

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Open-label treatment extension of ruxolitinib cream in vitiligo: findings from the Topical Ruxolitinib Evaluation in Vitiligo (TRuE-V) long-term extension phase III study.

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Efficacy and safety of ruxolitinib cream combined with narrow-band UVB phototherapy for treatment of vitiligo.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Roller Microneedle Combined with Tranexamic Acid Solution in Treating Melasma
04:12

Roller Microneedle Combined with Tranexamic Acid Solution in Treating Melasma

Published on: January 19, 2024

Melasma: a comprehensive update: part I.

Vaneeta M Sheth1, Amit G Pandya2

  • 1Department of Dermatology at Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
|September 17, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Melasma, a common hyperpigmentation disorder, requires further research into its pathogenesis. Understanding its causes and available research tools is key to improving melasma management and developing new treatments.

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Published on: May 23, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Hyperpigmentation Disorders
  • Melanogenesis Research

Background:

  • Melasma is a prevalent skin condition characterized by hyperpigmentation, affecting millions globally.
  • Current understanding suggests sun exposure and hormonal factors as primary triggers or exacerbating agents.
  • The precise pathogenesis of melasma remains incompletely elucidated, necessitating further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To underscore the importance of understanding melasma etiology.
  • To highlight the necessity of available research tools for studying melasma.
  • To emphasize the goal of improving clinical management and developing targeted therapies for melasma.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on melasma pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of existing research methodologies for studying hyperpigmentation disorders.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on melasma triggers and contributing factors.

Main Results:

  • Identified gaps in the understanding of melasma pathogenesis.
  • Cataloged various research tools applicable to melasma investigation.
  • Confirmed the critical role of etiological understanding in therapeutic advancement.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive grasp of melasma's origins is essential for effective treatment strategies.
  • Advancements in understanding melasma pathogenesis will facilitate the development of novel therapeutic interventions.
  • Further research is crucial to address the complexities of melasma and improve patient outcomes.