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Related Concept Videos

Magnetism01:30

Magnetism

Magnets are commonly found in everyday objects, such as toys, hangers, elevators, doorbells, and computer devices. Experimentation on these magnets shows that all magnets have two poles: one is labeled north (N) and the other south (S). Magnetic poles repel if they are alike and attract if unlike. Moreover, both poles of a magnet attract unmagnetized pieces of iron.
An individual magnetic pole cannot be isolated. No matter how small, every piece of a magnet contains a north pole and a south...
Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.
Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets.
Microbes and Other Elemental Cycles01:24

Microbes and Other Elemental Cycles

Microbial activity plays a pivotal role in the biogeochemical cycling of iron and manganese, especially at the redox gradients characteristic of stratified aquatic environments. These cycles are driven by microbial transformations between oxidized and reduced forms of the metals, allowing organisms to exploit them for metabolic energy and structural purposes.Iron Cycling Across Redox GradientsIn neutral, oxygen-rich surface waters, iron is predominantly found in its oxidized, insoluble ferric...
Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...

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Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks
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Surface magnetism in O2 dissociation-from basics to application.

Y Kunisada1, M C Escaño, H Kasai

  • 1Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
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First-principles calculations reveal magnetic phenomena in oxygen reactions on silver and platinum surfaces. These studies explore magnetic interactions in oxide phases and induced magnetism in platinum due to substrate hybridization.

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Area of Science:

  • Surface Science
  • Computational Materials Science
  • Magnetism

Background:

  • Surface reactions involving oxygen are crucial in catalysis and materials science.
  • Understanding magnetic phenomena at surfaces is key for developing novel magnetic materials and catalytic processes.
  • Oxidation Reduction Reaction (ORR) on platinum is a critical process in electrochemical energy conversion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate magnetic phenomena during oxygen adsorption and surface reactions on silver and platinum.
  • To explore the role of magnetic interactions in oxide phase formation on Ag(111).
  • To analyze the induced magnetism in platinum layers on ferromagnetic substrates (Fe, Co) and its impact on oxygen interaction.

Main Methods:

  • First-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
  • Investigation of electronic structure and magnetic properties of surface systems.
  • Analysis of magnetic interactions, including superexchange and RKKY interactions.

Main Results:

  • Dissociative adsorption of O(2) on Ag(111) leads to oxide phases with induced magnetic states via superexchange and RKKY interactions.
  • Superlattice structures with short O-O distances exhibit effective ferromagnetic interactions.
  • A magnetic moment is induced on Pt layers supported by Fe or Co substrates due to hybridization of Pt-d and M-d states.
  • Spin polarization shifts the Pt d-band center and influences the O(2)-Pt interaction, promoting π-d interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Magnetic phenomena play a significant role in surface reactions involving oxygen on both paramagnetic and ferromagnetic metal surfaces.
  • The findings provide fundamental insights into magnetism at surfaces and have implications for catalysis, particularly the ORR.
  • Computational methods are effective in elucidating complex magnetic interactions at the atomic scale.