Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 29, 2026
09:35
A Mouse Model of Hemorrhagic Transformation Induced by Acute Hyperglycemia Combined with Transient Focal Ischemia
Published on: November 15, 2024
Hemorrhagic transformation in acute cerebellar infarction
Yuki Sakamoto1, Kazumi Kimura, Yasuyuki Iguchi
1Department of Stroke Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan. ysakamoto02@gmail.com
Cerebrovascular Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 17, 2011
Summary
Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) occurred in nearly half of acute cerebellar infarction patients. Larger initial infarct size on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) independently predicted HT risk.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Radiology
- Stroke Medicine
Background:
- Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a known complication of acute ischemic stroke.
- Limited data exists regarding HT incidence and predictors in cerebellar infarction.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the frequency of HT in acute cerebellar infarction.
- To identify factors associated with HT in these patients.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 96 patients with acute cerebellar infarction within 48 hours of onset.
- Serial MRI including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and T(2)*-gradient echo imaging.
- Manual measurement of infarct diameter and volume on initial DWI; HT assessed on follow-up T(2)*.
Main Results:
- 43% of patients developed HT (HT group).
- HT group had significantly larger initial infarct diameter (3.2 cm vs. 1.6 cm) and volume (8.0 cm³ vs. 1.7 cm³).
- Infarct diameter >2.7 cm and volume >4.5 cm³ were independent predictors of HT.
Conclusions:
- HT is common in acute cerebellar infarction, affecting nearly half of patients.
- Initial infarct size, measured by diameter and volume on DWI, is a key independent predictor of HT.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology
A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
01:17Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction
A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
01:15Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology
An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
01:15Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction
Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
01:22Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology
Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...