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Related Concept Videos

Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...
Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly01:19

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...
Chickenpox01:20

Chickenpox

Chickenpox is an acute, highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Herpesviridae family. Its transmission occurs primarily through the inhalation of respiratory droplets or direct contact with vesicular fluid from skin lesions. The incubation period typically ranges from 10 to 21 days, during which the virus replicates and disseminates through sequential phases within the host. Although generally self-limiting in children,...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification
07:06

Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification

Published on: April 20, 2011

[Inactivated poliovirus vaccine].

Hiroyuki Shimizu1

  • 1Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|September 20, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Universal inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) use is crucial for global polio eradication, minimizing risks associated with oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). Japan should urgently consider DPT-IPV vaccines to prevent vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP).

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Vaccinology
  • Epidemiology

Context:

  • The global polio eradication program is in its final stages.
  • Risks associated with oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), including vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) and vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreaks, necessitate a shift in strategy.
  • Japan faces an ongoing risk of VAPP.

Purpose:

  • To advocate for the urgent consideration and implementation of diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and inactivated poliovirus vaccine (DPT-IPV) combination vaccines in Japan's routine immunization program.
  • To propose a comprehensive polio immunization strategy for Japan, ensuring the maintenance of a polio-free status.

Summary:

  • Universal use of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) is recommended to mitigate the risks of OPV.

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Expression and Purification of Virus-like Particles for Vaccination
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Expression and Purification of Virus-like Particles for Vaccination

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Utilizing the Antigen Capsid-Incorporation Strategy for the Development of Adenovirus Serotype 5-Vectored Vaccine Approaches
13:36

Utilizing the Antigen Capsid-Incorporation Strategy for the Development of Adenovirus Serotype 5-Vectored Vaccine Approaches

Published on: May 6, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification
07:06

Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification

Published on: April 20, 2011

Expression and Purification of Virus-like Particles for Vaccination
06:17

Expression and Purification of Virus-like Particles for Vaccination

Published on: June 2, 2016

Utilizing the Antigen Capsid-Incorporation Strategy for the Development of Adenovirus Serotype 5-Vectored Vaccine Approaches
13:36

Utilizing the Antigen Capsid-Incorporation Strategy for the Development of Adenovirus Serotype 5-Vectored Vaccine Approaches

Published on: May 6, 2015

  • Introduction of DPT-IPV products instead of OPV in routine immunization is proposed for Japan to minimize VAPP risks.
  • A detailed immunization strategy, including schedules, product interchangeability, enhanced surveillance, and vaccine stockpiling, is essential for Japan's polio-free status.

    • Impact:

    • Facilitates the final stages of global polio eradication by reducing OPV-related risks.
    • Enhances vaccine safety by minimizing the incidence of VAPP.
    • Ensures the long-term maintenance of polio-free status in Japan through strategic planning and vaccine implementation.