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Related Concept Videos

Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
The Oral Microbiota01:27

The Oral Microbiota

The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from the skin...
Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract01:29

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more like...
Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract01:28

Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract

The human urogenital system, once thought to be sterile in healthy individuals, is now recognized as a complex microbial habitat. Advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have revealed that even in healthy adults, the kidneys and bladder harbor microbial populations similar to those found in the distal urethra, albeit in much lower abundance. These resident microorganisms, while generally innocuous, can become opportunistic pathogens under conditions that alter the urogenital...
Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine

The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is characterized by distinct physicochemical conditions that shape its microbial communities. Among these, the stomach presents a particularly challenging environment for microbial colonization due to its highly acidic pH, ranging from 1 to 3. This extreme acidity effectively limits microbial density. However, certain acid-tolerant microorganisms are capable of surviving in this niche. Notably, Helicobacter pylori can colonize the gastric mucosa,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Purification of a High Molecular Mass Protein in Streptococcus mutans
09:51

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Published on: September 14, 2019

Establishment of Streptococcus mutans in infants induces decrease in the proportion of salivary α-haemolytic

Mamoru Kawaguchi1, Tomonori Hoshino, Takashi Ooshima

  • 1Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan.

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry
|September 20, 2011
PubMed
Summary

A decrease in alpha-hemolytic bacteria in infant saliva can predict Streptococcus mutans establishment. This finding helps assess caries risk before infection, guiding early dental care for infants.

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Systematic Approach to Identify Novel Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Molecules from Plants' Extracts and Fractions to Prevent Dental Caries
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Area of Science:

  • Oral microbiology
  • Pediatric dentistry
  • Infectious disease epidemiology

Background:

  • Assessing caries risk in infants is crucial for pediatric dentists.
  • Current indicators like Streptococcus mutans levels are insufficient for pre-infected infants.
  • A reliable indicator for early S. mutans establishment is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify a reliable indicator for the establishment of Streptococcus mutans in infants.
  • To evaluate changes in oral microbiota associated with S. mutans colonization.
  • To establish a method for predicting caries risk before S. mutans infection.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal monitoring of oral microbiota in two pre-dentate infants over three years.
  • Cross-sectional study of 40 nursery school children.
  • Saliva cultivation on selective and nonselective agar, with isolate identification.

Main Results:

  • Longitudinal studies indicated a decrease in alpha-hemolytic bacteria with S. mutans establishment.
  • Cross-sectional data confirmed this, showing S. mutans colonization (10(3) CFU/mL) correlates with <55% alpha-hemolytic bacteria.
  • A reduced proportion of alpha-hemolytic bacteria predicts S. mutans presence.

Conclusions:

  • A decrease in salivary alpha-hemolytic bacteria is a viable indicator for predicting S. mutans establishment in infants.
  • This indicator can be used to assess dental caries risk before S. mutans infection.
  • Findings support proactive dental care planning for infants based on microbiota analysis.