Enrichment culture can bias the isolation of Campylobacter subtypes

Enrichment culture is often used to isolate Campylobacter. This study compared isolation of Campylobacter spp. from 119 broiler chicken environments from two farms, using Preston and modified Exeter (mExeter) and modified Bolton (mBolton) enrichments. mExeter was significantly more effective in isolating Campylobacter spp. from the environmental samples compared to Preston (P<0.001) and mBolton (P<0.04) broths but there was no significant difference between the latter two methods (P>0.05). Enrichment broth type did not affect isolation from chicken faecal or soil and litter samples. C. jejuni was isolated from significantly more environmental samples using mExeter broth compared to Preston (P<0.01) and mBolton (P<0.003) broths; there was no difference between the latter two methods or between all methods for detection of C. coli (P>0.05). Only C. coli was isolated from the soil and litter samples and although both C. jejuni and C. coli were recovered from the faecal samples there was no effect of using different enrichment broths. The majority of samples where the same species had been isolated yielded the same or closely related genotypes as defined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Isolates recovered using Preston and mBolton broths were less genetically diverse than those from mExeter broth. We conclude that the enrichment method used affects both the number and species of Campylobacter isolated from naturally contaminated samples.