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Cell Lines

Cell Lines

A cell line is a population of cells grown in vitro that can be subcultured over several generations. Normal cells cease to divide after a certain number of cell divisions, a process known as replicative senescence. This number, called the Hayflick limit, was conceptualized by Leonard Hayflick in 1961 when he observed that fetal cells grown in culture could only divide 40-60 times. This limit is due to the shortening of the telomeres during each round of cell division, preventing cell division...

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Updated: May 29, 2026

Primary Culture of Rat Adrenocortical Cells and Assays of Steroidogenic Functions

Primary Culture of Rat Adrenocortical Cells and Assays of Steroidogenic Functions

Published on: March 12, 2019

Human adrenocortical carcinoma cell lines.

Tao Wang¹, William E Rainey

¹Department of Physiology, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

|September 20, 2011

Summary

Human adrenal cortex cells produce vital steroids. Studying human adrenocortical carcinoma cell lines helps understand adrenal gland function and diseases like hypertension and metabolic syndrome.

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Oncology
Cell Biology

Background:

The human adrenal cortex synthesizes essential mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens from specialized cells in distinct zones.
Dysregulation of adrenal steroidogenesis can cause diseases including hypertension, metabolic syndrome, infertility, and androgen excess.
The adrenal cortex is prone to adenomas and aggressive carcinomas, impacting steroid hormone balance and patient prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

To review available human adrenocortical carcinoma cell lines.
To discuss the utility of these cell lines as model systems for studying adrenal cortex function.
To explore their application in understanding both normal and pathological adrenal processes.

Main Methods:

Literature review of established human adrenocortical carcinoma cell lines.

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Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Primary Culture of Rat Adrenocortical Cells and Assays of Steroidogenic Functions

Primary Culture of Rat Adrenocortical Cells and Assays of Steroidogenic Functions

Published on: March 12, 2019

Human Neuroendocrine Tumor Cell Lines as a Three-Dimensional Model for the Study of Human Neuroendocrine Tumor Therapy

Human Neuroendocrine Tumor Cell Lines as a Three-Dimensional Model for the Study of Human Neuroendocrine Tumor Therapy

Published on: August 14, 2012

Analysis of published research utilizing these cell lines for adrenal studies.

Discussion of the advantages and limitations of using these in vitro models.

Main Results:

Several human adrenocortical carcinoma cell lines are available for research.
These cell lines serve as valuable tools for investigating molecular and cellular mechanisms.
They facilitate the study of steroidogenesis and adrenal pathologies.

Conclusions:

Human adrenocortical carcinoma cell lines are critical for advancing our understanding of adrenal gland biology.
These models aid in dissecting the mechanisms underlying adrenal steroid production and disease.
Further utilization of these cell lines is encouraged for both basic and translational adrenal research.