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Distraction techniques for children undergoing procedures: a critical review of pediatric research
1Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. dkoller@ryerson.ca
Insights
Distraction is an effective method for managing pediatric procedural pain and anxiety. Optimizing outcomes requires considering child preferences and temperament for better healthcare experiences.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric healthcare
- Pain management
- Child psychology
Background:
- Pediatric procedures frequently cause pain and anxiety.
- Pharmacologic methods exist, but distraction offers a simple, effective alternative.
- Numerous distraction techniques and technologies are available.
Purpose of the Study:
- To critically assess the evidence-based literature on distraction techniques for pediatric procedural pain and anxiety.
- To inform clinical practice and guide future research in pediatric pain management.
- To evaluate the efficacy of various distraction modalities.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of evidence-based literature.
- Critical appraisal of distraction techniques and technologies.
- Synthesis of findings to inform clinical recommendations.
Main Results:
- Distraction is a well-supported intervention for reducing pediatric pain and anxiety.
- Effectiveness varies based on technique, technology, and individual child factors.
- Limited research exists on optimizing distraction based on child preferences and temperament.
Conclusions:
- Distraction is a valuable, non-pharmacologic approach for pediatric procedural pain and anxiety.
- Future research should focus on tailoring distraction strategies to individual child characteristics.
- Enhancing child participation in healthcare decisions can improve the effectiveness of distraction techniques.
Abstract:
Pediatric patients are often subjected to procedures that can cause pain and anxiety. Although pharmacologic interventions can be used, distraction is a simple and effective technique that directs children's attention away from noxious stimuli. However, there is a multitude of techniques and technologies associated with distraction. Given the range of distraction techniques, the purpose of this article was to provide a critical assessment of the evidence-based literature that can inform clinical practice and future research. Recommendations include greater attention to child preferences and temperament as a means of optimizing outcomes and heightening awareness around child participation in health care decision making.