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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...
Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output

Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume01:11

Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume

Cardiac output (CO) is an integral aspect of human physiology, reflecting the heart's efficiency and responsiveness to the body's needs. It represents the volume of blood that the left or right ventricle ejects into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute. The CO is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (HR)—the number of heartbeats per minute—by the stroke volume (SV)—the amount of blood pumped out with each heartbeat.
In an average resting adult male, the typical cardiac output averages...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Continuous Venous-Arterial Doppler Ultrasound During a Preload Challenge
09:32

Continuous Venous-Arterial Doppler Ultrasound During a Preload Challenge

Published on: January 20, 2023

Predicting fluid responsiveness with stroke volume variation despite multiple extrasystoles.

Maxime Cannesson1, Nam Phuong Tran, Max Cho

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Care, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. maxime_cannesson@hotmail.com

Critical Care Medicine
|September 20, 2011
PubMed
Summary

A new stroke volume variation algorithm accurately predicts fluid responsiveness in pigs with multiple extrasystoles. This new method overcomes limitations of standard algorithms in complex cardiac conditions.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Continuous Venous-Arterial Doppler Ultrasound During a Preload Challenge
09:32

Continuous Venous-Arterial Doppler Ultrasound During a Preload Challenge

Published on: January 20, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Cardiovascular Physiology

Background:

  • Fluid responsiveness assessment is crucial in mechanical ventilation.
  • Ectopic heartbeats can impair standard stroke volume variation (SVV) accuracy.
  • Predicting fluid needs in patients with arrhythmias remains challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a novel SVV algorithm for predicting fluid responsiveness.
  • To assess its performance in anesthetized pigs with induced multiple extrasystoles.
  • To compare its efficacy against a standard SVV algorithm.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective animal study was conducted using eight instrumented pigs.
  • Multiple extrasystoles were induced via right ventricular pacing.
  • Arterial pressure waveforms were analyzed using both new and standard SVV algorithms before and after fluid boluses.

Main Results:

  • The new SVV algorithm showed significantly higher values in fluid responders (19% ± 5%) versus non-responders (12% ± 3%, p < .05).
  • The standard SVV algorithm failed to differentiate responders from non-responders (29% ± 8% vs. 26% ± 11%, p = .4).
  • Receiver operating characteristic analysis confirmed the new SVV's accuracy (AUC = 0.892) compared to the standard (AUC = 0.596).

Conclusions:

  • The novel stroke volume variation algorithm effectively predicts fluid responsiveness in the presence of multiple ventricular extrasystoles.
  • This new algorithm offers improved reliability over standard methods in challenging hemodynamic conditions.
  • It holds potential for guiding fluid management in anesthetized patients with arrhythmias.