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Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...

Seizures l: Introduction

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...

Epilepsy ll: Types

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.

Seizures: Classification

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:

Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview

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Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

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Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

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Epileptic psychosis: a retrospective study.

A Fernandez¹, S Khanna, S M Channabasavanna

¹Resident, Department of Psychiatry, NIMHANS. Bangalore - 560 029.

Indian Journal of Psychiatry

|September 20, 2011

Summary

Epileptic psychosis often presents as unclassifiable or paranoid hallucinatory states. The time between epilepsy onset and psychosis, and episode characteristics, influence presentation and memory deficits.

Area of Science:

Neurology
Psychiatry
Clinical Neuroscience

Background:

Epileptic psychosis is a complex condition requiring further characterization.
Understanding its varied presentations is crucial for diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the clinical characteristics of epileptic psychosis.
To identify predictors for different psychotic presentations and associated deficits.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of 60 patient files diagnosed with epileptic psychosis between 1980-1985.
Analysis of presentation types, epilepsy characteristics, and temporal relationships.

Main Results:

Unclassifiable psychosis and paranoid hallucinatory states were the most common types.

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Last Updated: May 29, 2026

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The interval between epilepsy and psychosis onset was a key factor, alongside episode duration and epilepsy type.

Shorter episodes correlated with pressure of speech, inappropriate affect, generalized epilepsy, and prior episodes.

Memory deficits were linked to longer epilepsy-psychosis intervals and hallucinations.

Conclusions:

The temporal gap between epilepsy and psychosis is a significant predictor.
Specific clinical features can characterize shorter psychotic episodes in epilepsy.
Memory deficits are associated with delayed psychosis onset and hallucinatory experiences.