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At a crossroads: human DNA tumor viruses and the host DNA damage response

Pavel A Nikitin1, Micah A Luftig

  • 1Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Center for Virology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708 USA.

Future Virology
|September 20, 2011
PubMed

Insights

Human DNA tumor viruses manipulate host cell proliferation, making them susceptible to DNA damage responses. This review explores how DNA damage response pathways are involved in infections by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Human DNA tumor viruses necessitate host cell proliferation for viral DNA replication.
  • Viral-induced proliferation and foreign DNA introduce challenges to host cell integrity.
  • Host DNA damage response (DDR) machinery is activated and modulated during viral infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the critical role of the DNA damage response (DDR) in the life cycle of human DNA tumor viruses.
  • To highlight recent advancements in understanding DDR's function in specific viral infections.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on the interplay between viral life cycles and host DDR.
  • Analysis of studies investigating DDR modulation by DNA tumor viruses.
  • Emphasis on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), and human papillomavirus (HPV).

Main Results:

  • DNA tumor viruses actively engage and manipulate host DDR pathways.
  • DDR is implicated in both latent and lytic phases of viral infection.
  • Specific mechanisms of DDR involvement vary across different DNA tumor viruses.

Conclusions:

  • The DNA damage response is a crucial component of the host-virus interaction in DNA tumor virus infections.
  • Understanding DDR's role offers insights into viral pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex interactions for EBV, KSHV, and HPV.

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