Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
Spasmolytic Agents: Chemical Classification01:29

Spasmolytic Agents: Chemical Classification

Spasmolytic agents are drugs used to alleviate muscle spasms and spasticity. They can be categorized into different chemical groups based on their mechanisms of action. Centrally acting spasmolytics primarily affect the spinal cord, while others directly target skeletal muscle cells.
A major class of centrally acting spasmolytics is the α2-agonist, such as tizanidine. These drugs bind to α2-adrenoceptors, inhibiting the release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. They also promote...
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx as...
Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:24

Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

Centrally acting muscle relaxants reduce muscle tone and tension by interfering with the postsynaptic reflexes in the central nervous system.
Centrally acting drugs are classified into spasmolytic and antispasmodic drugs. Spasmolytic drugs such as baclofen, diazepam, and tizanidine inhibit spinal motor neurons and decrease muscle tone. Spasmolytic drugs are administered for severe and chronic spasms due to multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, stroke, and spinal cord and muscle injuries. However,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Traumatic spinal lesions].

Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany)·2025
Same author

[Postoperative imaging following spinal surgery for traumatic injuries].

Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany)·2025
Same author

Effects of glucagon as a neurohormone on the central nervous system and glucose homeostasis.

European review for medical and pharmacological sciences·2024
Same author

[Interdisciplinary discussions, consultative findings and communication of results].

Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany)·2023
Same author

Learning Curve for Flow Diversion of Posterior Circulation Aneurysms: A Long-Term International Multicenter Cohort Study.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2022
Same author

[Cerebral vascular malformations].

Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany)·2022
Same journal

Der Radiologe·2024
Same journal

Der Radiologe·2024
Same journal

Der Radiologe·2024
Same journal

Der Radiologe·2024
Same journal

Der Radiologe·2022
Same journal

Der Radiologe·2022
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Spinal Sonography for Ultrasound-Guided Lumbar Neuraxial Anesthesia
03:14

Spinal Sonography for Ultrasound-Guided Lumbar Neuraxial Anesthesia

Published on: January 31, 2025

[Analgesic interventions for spinal diseases].

W Reith1, U Yilmaz

  • 1Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Straße 1, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland. Wolfgang.Reith@uks.eu

Der Radiologe
|September 20, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty may stabilize fractured vertebrae, but recent findings question their efficacy. Diagnostic nerve blocks are crucial for accurately identifying pain sources, particularly zygapophyseal joint involvement.

More Related Videos

Operational and Intervention Effects of Targeted Tuina in Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Model Rabbits
06:03

Operational and Intervention Effects of Targeted Tuina in Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Model Rabbits

Published on: July 21, 2023

Electrophysiological Methods to Assess Peripheral Pain Block in an Anesthetized Rat
08:05

Electrophysiological Methods to Assess Peripheral Pain Block in an Anesthetized Rat

Published on: November 21, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Spinal Sonography for Ultrasound-Guided Lumbar Neuraxial Anesthesia
03:14

Spinal Sonography for Ultrasound-Guided Lumbar Neuraxial Anesthesia

Published on: January 31, 2025

Operational and Intervention Effects of Targeted Tuina in Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Model Rabbits
06:03

Operational and Intervention Effects of Targeted Tuina in Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Model Rabbits

Published on: July 21, 2023

Electrophysiological Methods to Assess Peripheral Pain Block in an Anesthetized Rat
08:05

Electrophysiological Methods to Assess Peripheral Pain Block in an Anesthetized Rat

Published on: November 21, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Pain Management
  • Radiology

Context:

  • Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are common procedures to stabilize vertebral compression fractures.
  • Recent studies challenge the established effectiveness of these interventions.
  • Accurate pain diagnosis is complicated by subjective symptoms and complex spinal innervation.

Purpose:

  • To emphasize the importance of diagnostic nerve blocks for spinal pain classification.
  • To highlight the zygapophyseal joint as a frequent source of back pain.
  • To describe methods for zygapophyseal joint anesthesia, including computed tomography-guided blocks.

Summary:

  • Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty aim to prevent vertebral collapse and reduce pain through cement injection.
  • Diagnostic nerve blocks are essential due to the subjective and often uncharacteristic nature of spinal pain.
  • Zygapophyseal joint blocks, particularly CT-guided procedures, are effective for diagnosing pain originating from these joints, found in 15-45% of patients.

Impact:

  • Improved diagnostic accuracy for spinal pain, leading to more targeted treatments.
  • Potential to refine patient selection for vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty.
  • Advancement in pain management strategies through precise localization of pain generators.