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Related Concept Videos

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...
Cerebral Edema l: Introduction01:19

Cerebral Edema l: Introduction

Cerebral edema is a pathological increase in brain water content that disrupts intracranial pressure regulation and impairs neurological function. Because the cranial vault is rigid, even modest increases in tissue volume can compromise cerebral perfusion, distort neural structures, and initiate secondary injury. Cerebral edema develops through four principal mechanisms: vasogenic, cytotoxic, interstitial, and ionic.Vasogenic EdemaVasogenic edema arises from disruption of the blood–brain...
Anatomy of the Brain: Ventricles01:18

Anatomy of the Brain: Ventricles

There are hollow fluid-filled cavities known as ventricles deep inside the human brain. There are two lateral ventricles, one in each cerebral hemisphere, and each has three different projections — the anterior, inferior, and posterior horns visible from the lateral side. A thin membrane called the septum pellucidum separates the two lateral ventricles. The slender third ventricle in the diencephalon is connected to each lateral ventricle via a channel called the interventricular foramen. The...

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Endoscopic Approach for Colloid Cyst Resection
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Published on: May 23, 2025

Multiloculated hydrocephalus.

Graciela Zuccaro1, Javier Gonzalez Ramos

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Nacional de Pediatria Prof. Juan P. Garrahan, Cavia 3063, 1425 Buenos Aires, Argentina. gnzuccaro@gmail.com

Child'S Nervous System : Chns : Official Journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery
|September 20, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Treating progressive multiloculated hydrocephalus is complex, often requiring multiple surgical procedures. The primary goal is to restore cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow for simpler shunt placement, reducing patient interventions.

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Neuronavigation and Laparoscopy Guided Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Insertion for the Treatment of Hydrocephalus
14:59

Neuronavigation and Laparoscopy Guided Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Insertion for the Treatment of Hydrocephalus

Published on: October 14, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Pediatric Neurosurgery
  • Hydrocephalus Management

Background:

  • Progressive multiloculated hydrocephalus presents a significant management challenge.
  • This condition involves isolated intraventricular compartments, complicating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the efficacy of various treatment modalities for progressive multiloculated hydrocephalus.
  • To evaluate surgical outcomes and identify optimal treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 93 patients with progressive multiloculated hydrocephalus treated between 1988 and 2010.
  • Review of surgical interventions including fenestration procedures (craniotomy and endoscopic), choroid plexectomy, and third ventriculostomy.

Main Results:

  • Multiple surgical interventions were frequently required, with 38 patients undergoing two or more procedures.
  • Successful resolution of hydrocephalus was achieved in 21 patients with shunting, often necessitating two ventricular catheters initially.
  • The majority of patients ultimately required CSF shunt placement with a single ventricular catheter.

Conclusions:

  • No single treatment is universally superior for multiloculated hydrocephalus.
  • Treatment aims to restore intraventricular communication for simplified shunt implantation and reduced surgical burden.
  • Individualized patient assessment is crucial, considering all available, even traditional, treatment options.