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Related Concept Videos

Coagulation01:06

Coagulation

Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
The Colloidal State01:29

The Colloidal State

The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) atomizes samples through flame atomization or electrothermal atomization. Flame atomization typically involves a nebulizer and spray chamber assembly to combine the sample with a fuel–oxidant mixture, creating a fine aerosol mist that enters a burner. Typically, the fuel and oxidant are combined in an approximately stoichiometric ratio. However, for atoms that are easily oxidized, a fuel-rich mixture may be more advantageous. Only about 5% of the aerosol...
Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control01:16

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
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Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...

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Thermophoretically dominated aerosol coagulation.

Physical review letters·2011
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Supercritical vaporization: distinguishable fluid regions.

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics·2003
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Use of Capillary Aerosol Generator in Continuous Production of Controlled Aerosol for Non-Clinical Studies
08:33

Use of Capillary Aerosol Generator in Continuous Production of Controlled Aerosol for Non-Clinical Studies

Published on: April 12, 2022

Thermophoretically modified aerosol brownian coagulation.

Manuel Arias-Zugasti1, Daniel E Rosner

  • 1Departamento de Física Matemática y de Fluidos, UNED, Apdo 60141, 28080 Madrid, Spain.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|September 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study develops a theory for aerosol coagulation, considering both Brownian motion and thermophoresis. The findings reveal how these mechanisms influence particle size distribution over time in non-uniform temperature environments.

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A System to Create Stable Nanoparticle Aerosols from Nanopowders
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A System to Create Stable Nanoparticle Aerosols from Nanopowders

Published on: July 26, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Use of Capillary Aerosol Generator in Continuous Production of Controlled Aerosol for Non-Clinical Studies
08:33

Use of Capillary Aerosol Generator in Continuous Production of Controlled Aerosol for Non-Clinical Studies

Published on: April 12, 2022

A System to Create Stable Nanoparticle Aerosols from Nanopowders
12:59

A System to Create Stable Nanoparticle Aerosols from Nanopowders

Published on: July 26, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Aerosol Science
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Aerosol coagulation is critical in atmospheric and industrial processes.
  • Non-isothermal conditions introduce thermophoresis, affecting particle interactions.
  • Existing models often simplify or neglect combined coagulation mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a theory for aerosol coagulation rates under combined Brownian motion and thermophoresis.
  • To investigate the influence of these mechanisms on particle size distribution (DSD).
  • To provide criteria for excluding other coagulation phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a theory for continuum-regime Brownian coagulation with size-dependent thermophoresis.
  • Employed a Smoluchowski-like population-balance model.
  • Created a "coupled" coagulation rate constant integrating Brownian diffusion and thermophoretic drift.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the distinct roles of Brownian diffusion and thermophoresis in shaping DSD.
  • Showcased the impact on both short-term and long-term (coagulation-aged) DSD.
  • Provided dimensionless criteria to identify conditions where other mechanisms dominate.

Conclusions:

  • The developed theory accurately models aerosol coagulation in non-isothermal gases.
  • Combined Brownian motion and thermophoresis significantly alter particle size evolution.
  • The "coupled" rate constant offers a more realistic approach than additive kernels.