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Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Quantitative and Qualitative Examination of Particle-particle Interactions Using Colloidal Probe Nanoscopy

Quantitative and Qualitative Examination of Particle-particle Interactions Using Colloidal Probe Nanoscopy

Published on: July 18, 2014

Interparticle force in nematic colloids: comparison between experiment and theory.

Takahiro Kishita¹, Noboru Kondo, Kenji Takahashi

¹Department of Physics, School of Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics

|September 21, 2011

Summary

We measured and calculated the interparticle force between colloidal particles in a nematic liquid crystal. Force magnitude depends on particle size, arrangement, and distance, aligning with theoretical predictions.

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Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Quantitative and Qualitative Examination of Particle-particle Interactions Using Colloidal Probe Nanoscopy

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Published on: July 18, 2014

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures

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Published on: May 20, 2014

Area of Science:

Colloidal Science
Soft Matter Physics
Liquid Crystals

Background:

Understanding interparticle forces is crucial in colloidal systems.
Nematic liquid crystals exhibit unique anisotropic interactions.
Colloidal particle interactions in liquid crystals are complex and not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To experimentally and theoretically investigate the interparticle force between colloidal particles in a nematic liquid crystal.
To analyze the force dependence on particle size, configuration, and separation distance.
To validate theoretical models against experimental measurements.

Main Methods:

Direct force measurement using dual-beam optical tweezers.
Numerical calculation of forces from equilibrium tensor fields.
Systematic variation of particle sizes, configurations, and arrangements.
Comparison with electrostatic analogy predictions.

Main Results:

Experimental and theoretical force measurements show good agreement.
Interparticle force magnitude varies with particle size, relative arrangement, and distance.
Observed forces at large distances align with electrostatic analogy predictions.
Force dependence on arrangement confirmed for different-sized particles in dipole configuration.

Conclusions:

The study provides a comprehensive understanding of interparticle forces in nematic liquid crystals.
Dual-beam optical tweezers and theoretical calculations are effective tools for this research.
Findings contribute to the fundamental knowledge of colloidal interactions in anisotropic fluids.