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Related Concept Videos

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
Solvents01:12

Solvents

A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
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Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects01:17

Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects

In an NMR sample, precise measurement of the absolute absorption frequencies of nuclei is difficult. A standard internal reference compound is added, and the frequency difference between the reference signal and sample signals is measured.
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Entropy and Solvation02:05

Entropy and Solvation

The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ ≥ 15); an...
Solution Equilibrium and Saturation01:59

Solution Equilibrium and Saturation

Imagine adding a small amount of sugar to a glass of water, stirring until all the sugar has dissolved, and then adding a bit more. You can repeat this process until the sugar concentration of the solution reaches its natural limit, a limit determined primarily by the relative strengths of the solute-solute, solute-solvent, and solvent-solvent attractive forces. You can be certain that you have reached this limit because, no matter how long you stir the solution, undissolved sugar remains. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes
09:42

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes

Published on: January 16, 2016

Reintroducing explicit solvent to a solvent-free coarse-grained model.

Seung Ha Kim1, Monica H Lamm

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|September 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel coarse-grained modeling approach accurately predicts macromolecule binding, overcoming limitations of all-atom simulations for complex systems like dendrimers interacting with phenanthrenes.

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Area of Science:

  • Computational chemistry
  • Macromolecular science
  • Molecular modeling

Background:

  • Complex macromolecules present significant challenges for traditional molecular dynamics simulations.
  • Accurate modeling of macromolecule-solvent interactions is crucial for understanding biological and chemical processes.
  • Existing coarse-grained models may not fully capture the intricacies of complex macromolecule behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a unique coarse-grained modeling scheme for complex macromolecules.
  • To integrate a systematic, solvent-free multiscale coarse-graining algorithm with a coarse-grained solvent model.
  • To demonstrate the efficiency and reliability of the proposed method for predicting binding capacities.

Main Methods:

  • A novel coarse-grained modeling scheme was developed by combining a solvent-free multiscale coarse-graining algorithm with an existing coarse-grained solvent model.
  • The method was applied to simulate dendrimers binding phenanthrenes in an aqueous environment.
  • The simulation conditions explored were beyond the scope of all-atom molecular dynamics.

Main Results:

  • The proposed coarse-grained modeling scheme efficiently and reliably describes interactions for complex macromolecules.
  • The model accurately predicted the experimentally measured binding capacity of dendrimers for phenanthrenes.
  • The simulation demonstrated capabilities exceeding those of all-atom molecular dynamics for this system.

Conclusions:

  • The developed coarse-grained modeling approach offers a powerful and efficient tool for studying complex macromolecule systems.
  • This method enables simulations under conditions not feasible with all-atom approaches.
  • The study highlights the potential of multiscale coarse-graining for advancing macromolecular science.