Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy: Organic Radicals01:17

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy: Organic Radicals

Ideally, an unpaired electron shows a single peak in the EPR spectrum due to the transition between the two spin energy states. However, coupling interactions can occur between the spins of the unpaired electron and any neighboring spin-active nuclei. This hyperfine coupling results in hyperfine splitting, where the EPR signal is split into multiplets. The signals split into 2nI + 1 peaks, where n is the number of equivalent nuclei and I is the nuclear spin. These splitting patterns provide...
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
¹H NMR: Complex Splitting01:13

¹H NMR: Complex Splitting

A proton M that is coupled to a proton X results in doublet signals for M. However, NMR-active nuclei can be simultaneously coupled to more than one nonequivalent nucleus. When M is coupled to a second proton A, such as in styrene oxide, each peak in the doublet is split into another doublet.
Splitting diagrams or splitting tree diagrams are routinely used to depict such complex couplings. While drawing splitting diagrams, the splitting with the larger coupling constant is usually applied first.
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Pregnancy induces extensive changes of transcript usage in the goat brain.

Journal of dairy science·2025
Same author

Polaronic Quasiparticles in the Valence-Transition Compound TmSe_{1-x}Te_{x}.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Global prevalence of CFTR variants with respect to their responsiveness to elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor.

Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society·2025
Same author

Fermi surface and pseudogap in highly doped Sr<sub>2</sub>IrO<sub>4</sub>.

npj quantum materials·2025
Same author

Nature of Metallic and Insulating Domains in the Charge-Density-Wave System 1T-TaSe_{2}.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Local Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interactions Driving Quasi-2D Magnetism in a Centrosymmetric Nanoskyrmion Material.

Physical review letters·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
09:00

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Published on: June 28, 2018

Large tunable Rashba spin splitting of a two-dimensional electron gas in Bi2Se3.

P D C King1, R C Hatch, M Bianchi

  • 1School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, United Kingdom.

Physical Review Letters
|September 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary

We observed significant Rashba spin splitting in bismuth selenide, a topological insulator. This effect is electrostatically controllable and much larger than in other materials, paving the way for nanoscale spintronics.

More Related Videos

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics
11:33

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics

Published on: January 19, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
09:00

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Published on: June 28, 2018

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics
11:33

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics

Published on: January 19, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Mechanics

Background:

  • Topological insulators like Bi(2)Se(3) possess unique electronic properties.
  • Rashba spin splitting is crucial for spintronics, enabling control over electron spin.
  • Existing semiconductor materials exhibit limited Rashba spin splitting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate Rashba spin splitting in the topological insulator Bi(2)Se(3).
  • To demonstrate electrostatic control over this spin splitting.
  • To explore the potential for nanoscale spintronic devices operating at room temperature.

Main Methods:

  • Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) was employed to probe the electronic structure.
  • Fabrication and manipulation of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in Bi(2)Se(3).
  • Application of electrostatic gating for controlling spin properties.

Main Results:

  • Direct observation of Rashba spin splitting in the 2DEG of Bi(2)Se(3).
  • Demonstrated effective electrostatic control over the magnitude of spin splitting.
  • Achieved spin splittings at least an order of magnitude larger than those in conventional semiconductors.

Conclusions:

  • Bi(2)Se(3) is a promising material for realizing large Rashba spin splitting.
  • Electrostatic control offers a viable pathway for tuning spintronic properties.
  • These findings support the development of miniaturized, room-temperature spintronic devices.