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Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not necessarily...
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Drug Dependence

Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
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Certain drugs can affect how neurotransmitters called catecholamines, are released or taken back up in the adrenergic neuron. They can have different effects on the body's sympathetic transmission. Reserpine, a natural compound found in the Rauwolfia shrub, blocks a transporter called vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT), which leads to a buildup of catecholamines in the cell and reduces sympathetic transmission. Another drug called guanethidine works in multiple ways, including blocking...
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Investigating Drivers of Antireward in Addiction Behavior with Anatomically Specific Single-Cell Gene Expression Methods
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Publication trends in addiction research.

Sandra Helinski1, Rainer Spanagel

  • 1Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Germany.

Addiction Biology
|September 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Addiction research has surged, with a 350% increase in publications over the last decade, particularly from the US. Alcohol, nicotine, and psychostimulant research grew, while opioid studies declined, alongside rising trends in genetic and neuroimaging research.

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Area of Science:

  • Addiction research spans multiple scientific disciplines, including general science, neuroscience, pharmacology, and psychiatry.

Background:

  • Drug use and abuse have increased significantly over the past 50 years, paralleling a rise in addiction research.
  • Publication trends in addiction research provide insights into the field's growth and focus areas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review publication trends in addiction research over the past decade.
  • To analyze trends in general/multidisciplinary science and Addiction Biology journals.
  • To examine publication patterns by country, drug class, study type (animal vs. human), and methodology.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of addiction-related publications across various journal categories.
  • Analysis of literature within three time windows: 1999/2000, 2004/2005, and 2009/2010.
  • Categorization of publications by country/region, drug class, study model (animal/human), and research methods (genetics, neuroimaging).

Main Results:

  • A 350% increase in addiction publications in general/multidisciplinary science journals over the past decade.
  • The increase was primarily driven by a higher publication output from the United States.
  • Publications on alcohol, nicotine, and psychostimulants increased, while opioid-related publications decreased.
  • Significant upward trends were observed in genetic association and neuroimaging studies within addiction research.

Conclusions:

  • Addiction research has experienced substantial growth, particularly in the United States.
  • The field shows evolving interests, with increasing focus on genetic and neuroimaging techniques.
  • Publication trends indicate a shift in research emphasis across different drug classes over time.