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Short chain fatty acids (propionic and hexanoic) decrease Staphylococcus aureus internalization into bovine mammary

Nayeli Alva-Murillo¹, Alejandra Ochoa-Zarzosa, Joel E López-Meza

¹Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Apdo. Postal 53, Administración Chapultepec, C.P. 58262 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.

Veterinary Microbiology

|September 21, 2011

Summary

Sodium propionate (NaP) and sodium hexanoate (NaH), types of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), reduce Staphylococcus aureus internalization into bovine mammary epithelial cells. These SCFAs also modulate tracheal antimicrobial peptide (TAP) gene expression, potentially lowering bacterial entry.

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Published on: August 11, 2018

Area of Science:

Ruminant nutrition
Bacterial fermentation
Innate immunity

Background:

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are vital nutrients for ruminants, produced by carbohydrate fermentation.
SCFAs possess antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties.
Sodium butyrate has shown effects on Staphylococcus aureus internalization and antimicrobial peptide expression in bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMEC).

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of sodium propionate (NaP) and sodium hexanoate (NaH) on Staphylococcus aureus internalization into bMEC.
To evaluate the impact of NaP and NaH on the modulation of innate immunity elements in bMEC.
To determine if NaP and NaH affect bacterial growth or cell viability.

Main Methods:

Gentamicin protection assay (MOI 30:1) to quantify bacterial internalization.
Measurement of tracheal antimicrobial peptide (TAP) and bovine neutrophil β-defensin 5 (BNBD5) mRNA expression.
Assessment of nitric oxide production as a potential mechanism.

Main Results:

NaP and NaH did not affect Staphylococcus aureus growth or bMEC viability at concentrations of 0.25-5mM.
Both NaP and NaH significantly reduced bacterial internalization into bMEC (27-55% and 39-65%, respectively).
SCFAs up-regulated TAP mRNA expression, while BNBD5 mRNA expression was unchanged or down-regulated. S. aureus alone also upregulated TAP and BNBD5.
Reduced bacterial internalization was not linked to nitric oxide production.

Conclusions:

Sodium propionate and sodium hexanoate effectively decrease Staphylococcus aureus internalization into bovine mammary epithelial cells.
These SCFAs modulate tracheal antimicrobial peptide gene expression, which may contribute to the observed reduction in bacterial internalization.
NaP and NaH represent potential agents for managing Staphylococcus aureus infections in dairy cattle.