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An Intra-Tissue Radiometry Microprobe for Measuring Radiance In Situ in Living Tissue

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Accurate radiometry from space: an essential tool for climate studies.

Nigel Fox¹, Andrea Kaiser-Weiss, Werner Schmutz

¹National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK. nigel.fox@npl.co.uk

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences

|September 21, 2011

Summary

Accurate climate change detection requires precise, long-term measurements. The TRUTHS satellite mission establishes International System of Units (SI) traceability in orbit, creating a space-based metrology laboratory for improved climate forecasting.

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Area of Science:

Earth Science
Metrology
Climate Science

Background:

Climate change detection demands long-term, highly accurate measurements to distinguish subtle indicators from natural variability.
Existing instrumentation faces challenges in maintaining accuracy and sensitivity over decades for reliable climate change assessment.
The International System of Units (SI) provides a framework for measurement consistency, but extending it to space-based climate monitoring is complex.

Purpose of the Study:

To address the need for highly accurate and SI-traceable measurements in Earth's solar reflective domain for climate monitoring.
To highlight key climate measurands and applications driving uncertainty requirements.
To introduce the TRUTHS satellite mission as a solution for establishing in-orbit SI traceability.

Main Methods:

Focus on key measurands like solar irradiances, reflectances, and radiances within the solar reflective domain.
Discusses the challenges and requirements for achieving SI traceability in space-based instruments.
Describes the TRUTHS mission architecture, including the use of a primary standard and replication of terrestrial traceability chains.

Main Results:

Identifies solar irradiances and Earth's reflectances/radiances as critical measurands for climate research.
Demonstrates that meeting uncertainty demands in these areas significantly improves climate model forecasting.
TRUTHS mission enables, for the first time, high-accuracy SI traceability to be established in orbit.

Conclusions:

Establishing SI traceability in space is crucial for reliable, long-term climate monitoring.
The TRUTHS mission represents a significant advancement, effectively creating a 'metrology laboratory in space'.
This capability will enhance the accuracy and reliability of climate change detection and forecasting.