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Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are not...

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...

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Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults

Published on: February 2, 2020

Geriatric care as an introductory pharmacy practice experience.

Joseph A Woelfel¹, Eric Boyce, Rajul A Patel

¹Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA. jwoelfel@pacific.edu

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education

|September 21, 2011

Summary

This study details a geriatric introductory pharmacy practice experience (IPPE) that improved pharmacy students' skills in caring for older adults. The program positively impacted patient care and quality assurance activities, enhancing students' readiness for geriatric pharmacy practice.

Keywords:

active learning geriatrics introductory pharmacy practice experience patient care pharmaceutical care

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Area of Science:

Geriatric Pharmacy
Pharmacy Education
Patient Care

Background:

The growing geriatric population necessitates specialized pharmacy expertise.
Developing practical skills for consultant pharmacist roles is crucial for pharmacy students.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline the design, implementation, and outcomes of a geriatric introductory pharmacy practice experience (IPPE).
To enhance pharmacy students' competencies in consultant pharmacy roles and geriatric patient care.

Main Methods:

A 2-unit, 40-hour geriatric IPPE was implemented for first- and second-year pharmacy students.
Activities included patient interviews, chart reviews, care plan development, and quality assurance.
The curriculum incorporated hands-on practice, reflection, and classroom discussions.

Main Results:

Students demonstrated enhanced geriatric and patient-care abilities across cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains.
Care plans and quality assurance initiatives led to positive patient outcomes and measurable health improvements.
Student evaluations and feedback from healthcare professionals were highly positive.

Conclusions:

The geriatric IPPE provides an innovative method for improving students' skills in managing the complex needs of the elderly.
Direct patient care and interprofessional interaction within the IPPE are key to preparing students for geriatric practice.