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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...

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Stereotactic Injection of MicroRNA-expressing Lentiviruses to the Mouse Hippocampus CA1 Region and Assessment of the Behavioral Outcome
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Published on: June 10, 2013

NMDA mediated contextual conditioning changes miRNA expression.

Min Jeong Kye1, Pierre Neveu, Yong-Seok Lee

  • 1Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America.

Plos One
|September 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Contextual conditioning alters microRNA (miRNA) expression in the hippocampus, impacting learning and memory. These changes are dependent on NMDA receptors and influence protein synthesis via the mTOR pathway.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression.
  • Learning and memory involve complex molecular changes in the brain.
  • The role of miRNAs in contextual learning is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate miRNA expression changes in the hippocampus during contextual conditioning.
  • To determine the involvement of NMDA receptors in these miRNA alterations.
  • To explore the downstream effects of altered miRNAs on gene expression and neuronal function.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the expression of 187 miRNAs.
  • Experiments were conducted on contextually conditioned mice and cultured rat hippocampal neurons.
  • Neuronal stimulation was performed using NMDA or bicuculline.

Main Results:

  • A significant number of miRNAs (187) showed altered expression in response to contextual conditioning.
  • Approximately half of the measured miRNAs were affected in an NMDA receptor-dependent manner.
  • Genes involved in miRNA biogenesis and RISC complex showed activity-induced expression changes.
  • Upregulated genes in contextual conditioning possess longer 3' UTRs and more predicted miRNA binding sites.
  • Several altered miRNAs were found to inhibit inhibitors of the mTOR pathway.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs play a crucial role in learning and memory.
  • NMDA receptor activity significantly influences miRNA expression during contextual conditioning.
  • miRNAs modulate protein synthesis through the mTOR pathway, contributing to memory formation.